A Design of Solid-State Li-S Cell with Evaporated Lithium Anode To Eliminate Shuttle Effects.

Li-S batteries hold great potential for energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the shuttle of polysulfides in conventional Li-S batteries with organic electrolyte results in severe problems, such as low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Here, we developed a solid-state Li-S battery using LiAlGe(PO) (LAGP) solid ceramic electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte. Lithium film was deposited on one side of LAGP by an evaporation method to improve the contact between anode and LAGP. Sulfur-coated carbon nanotubes cathode (S-MWCNT) composition was casted on the other side of LAGP as the cathode and a small amount of ionic liquid was dropped in order to improve the ionic conductivity. This battery exhibited a high capacity of 1510 mAh g in the first cycle and retained 1400 mAh g after 30 cycles. Meanwhile, the Coulombic efficiency of the battery was almost 100% for each cycle, which indicated the shuttle effect was circumvented completely.