1 University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
2 Association for the Research of Clinical Psychology (A.R.P.), Milan, Italy.
Assessment. 2019 Jul;26(5):929-943. doi: 10.1177/1073191117733547. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) has been used extensively to study intellectual abilities of special groups. Here, we report the results of an intellectually gifted group on the WAIS-IV. Gifted individuals are people who obtained scores equal to or greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean on an intelligence test. Hence, the current study aims first, to examine mean group performance data of gifted individuals on the WAIS-IV; second, to revalidate the pattern of performance identified in this special group in previous studies (i.e., verbal skills higher than all other abilities); third, to compare scatter measures across intellectual domains with a matched comparison group. A total of 130 gifted individuals (79 males) were administered the full battery and their performance was compared with a matched comparison group. Analyses revealed that gifted group displayed higher scores in all intellectual domains. Contrary to expectations, they showed the highest scores in perceptual reasoning tasks. A multivariate approach revealed that this ability was statistically different from all other domains within the gifted group. Moreover, gifted individuals showed higher discrepancies across intellectual domains than average-intelligence people. Findings have important practical implications to detect intellectual giftedness in adulthood.
韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）被广泛用于研究特殊群体的智力能力。在这里，我们报告了 WAIS-IV 中智力超常群体的结果。天才是指在智力测试中得分等于或高于平均值两个标准差以上的人。因此，本研究的目的首先是检查 WAIS-IV 上天才个体的平均组表现数据；其次，重新验证在之前的研究中确定的特殊群体的表现模式（即言语技能高于所有其他能力）；第三，将智力领域的离散度测量与匹配的对照组进行比较。共有 130 名天才个体（79 名男性）接受了完整的测试，他们的表现与匹配的对照组进行了比较。分析显示，天才组在所有智力领域的得分都较高。与预期相反，他们在知觉推理任务中表现出最高的分数。多元分析显示，这种能力在统计学上与天才组的所有其他领域都不同。此外，天才个体在智力领域之间的差异比平均智力个体更大。这些发现对成年后发现智力超常具有重要的实际意义。
