Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , Pune 411 004, India.
Savitribai Phule Pune University , Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Oct 18;9(41):35562-35573. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b11024. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Cancer treatment using siRNA based therapies pose various limitations such as off-target effects and degradation due to lack of specific delivery in desired cells. The aim of the present study was to develop multifunctional targeted nanoconstructs, which can efficiently and precisely deliver siRNA and silence the desired gene of interest in various LHRH overexpressing cancer cells. Herein, we report the development of triblock, PAMAM-histidine-PEG dendritic nanoconstructs functionalized with triptorelin (an LHRH analog) for targeted siRNA delivery to LHRH overexpressing breast (MCF-7) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cells. The nanoconstructs were characterized using H NMR and DLS and displayed a very low cationic charge to avoid off-target interactions. The developed nanoconstructs showed negligible cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity with efficient siRNA loading, excellent serum stability, and strongly protected siRNA from degradation. Further, confocal microscopy results confirmed extremely significant (p < 0.001) higher cellular uptake of cy5.5 conjugated targeted nanoparticles (NPs) in both cancer cell lines than nontargeted NPs. Also, targeted NPs specifically delivered cy3-tagged siRNA to MCF-7 cells. Co-localization studies in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells further established that targeted NPs traveled through the endolysosomal pathway and escaped endosomes within 6 h of incubation. Gene silencing studies in luciferase expressing MCF-7 and LNCaP cell lines demonstrated that the targeted NPs exhibited extremely significant (p < 0.001) silencing of luciferase gene. Additionally, receptor blockade studies further confirmed the specificity of targeted NPs and suggested that targeted NPs entered cancer cells via LHRH receptor mediated endocytosis, which was evident through insignificant gene silencing in receptor blocked cells. Thus, the results indicated that PAMAM-histidine-PEG-triptorelin could be a promising approach for siRNA delivery, gene silencing, and tumor therapy in all LHRH overexpressing cancer cells.
使用基于 siRNA 的疗法治疗癌症存在各种限制,例如由于缺乏在所需细胞中的特异性递送而产生的脱靶效应和降解。本研究的目的是开发多功能靶向纳米构建体,该构建体可以有效地和精确地递送至各种 LHRH 过表达癌细胞中的 siRNA 并沉默所需的感兴趣基因。在此,我们报告了三嵌段、PAMAM-组氨酸-PEG 树枝状纳米构建体的开发,该构建体用三苯氧胺(一种 LHRH 类似物)进行功能化,用于靶向 LHRH 过表达的乳腺癌(MCF-7)和前列腺癌(LNCaP)细胞中的 siRNA 递。使用 H NMR 和 DLS 对纳米构建体进行了表征,并显示出非常低的阳离子电荷以避免脱靶相互作用。所开发的纳米构建体表现出可忽略的细胞毒性和溶血活性,具有高效的 siRNA 负载、出色的血清稳定性,并能强烈保护 siRNA 免受降解。此外,共焦显微镜结果证实,与非靶向 NPs 相比,两种癌细胞系中,cy5.5 标记的靶向纳米粒子(NPs)的细胞摄取显著更高(p < 0.001)。此外,靶向 NPs 特异性地将 cy3 标记的 siRNA 递送至 MCF-7 细胞。MCF-7 和 LNCaP 细胞中的共定位研究进一步证实,靶向 NPs 在孵育 6 小时内通过内溶酶体途径运输,并从内体中逃逸。在表达荧光素酶的 MCF-7 和 LNCaP 细胞系中的基因沉默研究表明,靶向 NPs 表现出对荧光素酶基因的极其显著的沉默(p < 0.001)。此外,受体阻断研究进一步证实了靶向 NPs 的特异性,并表明靶向 NPs 通过 LHRH 受体介导的内吞作用进入癌细胞,这通过在受体阻断细胞中基因沉默不明显而明显。因此,结果表明,PAMAM-组氨酸-PEG-三苯氧胺可能是一种有前途的用于 siRNA 递药、基因沉默和所有 LHRH 过表达癌细胞肿瘤治疗的方法。
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