Tizón-Escamilla N, Pérez-Espigares C, Garrido P L, Hurtado P I
Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, and Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/b, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Sep 1;119(9):090602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.090602. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in the space of trajectories are one of the most intriguing phenomena of nonequilibrium physics, but their nature in realistic high-dimensional systems remains puzzling. Here we observe for the first time a DPT in the current vector statistics of an archetypal two-dimensional (2D) driven diffusive system and characterize its properties using the macroscopic fluctuation theory. The complex interplay among the external field, anisotropy, and vector currents in 2D leads to a rich phase diagram, with different symmetry-broken fluctuation phases separated by lines of first- and second-order DPTs. Remarkably, different types of 1D order in the form of jammed density waves emerge to hinder transport for low-current fluctuations, revealing a connection between rare events and self-organized structures which enhance their probability.
轨迹空间中的动力学相变（DPTs）是非平衡物理学中最引人入胜的现象之一，但其在现实高维系统中的本质仍然令人困惑。在这里，我们首次在一个典型的二维（2D）驱动扩散系统的电流矢量统计中观察到一个DPT，并使用宏观涨落理论来表征其性质。二维中外部场、各向异性和矢量电流之间的复杂相互作用导致了一个丰富的相图，不同的对称性破缺涨落相由一阶和二阶DPT线分隔。值得注意的是，以阻塞密度波形式出现的不同类型的一维有序结构会阻碍低电流涨落下的输运，揭示了罕见事件与自组织结构之间的联系，而自组织结构会增加其发生概率。
