Elliott Sarah M, Brigham Mark E, Lee Kathy E, Banda Jo A, Choy Steven J, Gefell Daniel J, Minarik Thomas A, Moore Jeremy N, Jorgenson Zachary G
U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, United States of America.
U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 27;12(9):e0182868. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182868. eCollection 2017.
Human activities introduce a variety of chemicals to the Laurentian Great Lakes including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, plasticizers, and solvents (collectively referred to as contaminants of emerging concern or CECs) potentially threatening the vitality of these valuable ecosystems. We conducted a basin-wide study to identify the presence of CECs and other chemicals of interest in 12 U.S. tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes during 2013 and 2014. A total of 292 surface-water and 80 sediment samples were collected and analyzed for approximately 200 chemicals. A total of 32 and 28 chemicals were detected in at least 30% of water and sediment samples, respectively. Concentrations ranged from 0.0284 (indole) to 72.2 (cholesterol) μg/L in water and 1.75 (diphenhydramine) to 20,800 μg/kg (fluoranthene) in sediment. Cluster analyses revealed chemicals that frequently co-occurred such as pharmaceuticals and flame retardants at sites receiving similar inputs such as wastewater treatment plant effluent. Comparison of environmental concentrations to water and sediment-quality benchmarks revealed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations often exceeded benchmarks in both water and sediment. Additionally, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dichlorvos concentrations exceeded water-quality benchmarks in several rivers. Results from this study can be used to understand organism exposure, prioritize river basins for future management efforts, and guide detailed assessments of factors influencing transport and fate of CECs in the Great Lakes Basin.
人类活动向五大湖引入了多种化学物质，包括农药、药品、阻燃剂、增塑剂和溶剂（统称为新出现的关注污染物或CECs），这可能威胁到这些宝贵生态系统的活力。我们开展了一项全流域研究，以确定2013年至2014年期间流入五大湖的12条美国支流中CECs和其他感兴趣化学物质的存在情况。共采集了292个地表水样本和80个沉积物样本，并对约200种化学物质进行了分析。在至少30%的水样和沉积物样本中分别检测到了32种和28种化学物质。水中浓度范围为0.0284（吲哚）至72.2（胆固醇）μg/L，沉积物中浓度范围为1.75（苯海拉明）至20800μg/kg（荧蒽）。聚类分析揭示了在接受类似输入（如污水处理厂废水）的地点经常同时出现的化学物质，如药品和阻燃剂。将环境浓度与水和沉积物质量基准进行比较后发现，多环芳烃在水和沉积物中的浓度常常超过基准。此外，邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和敌敌畏的浓度在几条河流中超过了水质基准。这项研究的结果可用于了解生物体的接触情况，为未来管理工作确定流域优先级，并指导对影响五大湖流域CECs迁移和归宿的因素进行详细评估。
