Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE Pty Ltd), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE Pty Ltd), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Feb 1;613-614:1140-1153. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.025. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
The bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil underpin the risk assessment of contaminated land with these contaminants. Despite a significant volume of research conducted in the past few decades, comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling the behaviour of soil PAHs and a set of descriptive soil parameters to explain variations in PAH bioavailability and bioaccessibility are still lacking. This review focuses on the role of source materials on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of soil PAHs, which is often overlooked, along with other abiotic factors including contaminant concentration and mixture, soil composition and properties, as well as environmental factors. It also takes into consideration the implications of different types of risk assessment (ecological and human health) on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of PAHs in soil. We recommend that future research should (1) account for the effects of source materials on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of soil PAHs; (2) adopt non-disruptive methods to analyse soil components controlling PAH sequestration; (3) integrate both natural organic matter (NOM) and xenobiotic organic matter (XOM) while evaluating the influences of soil organic matter (SOM) on the behaviour of PAHs; and (4) consider the dissimilar desorption scenarios in ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment while assessing PAH bioavailability and bioaccessibility.
土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的生物可给性和生物有效性是评估这些污染物污染土地风险的基础。尽管在过去几十年中进行了大量的研究，但对于控制土壤 PAHs 行为的因素以及一套可用于解释 PAH 生物可给性和生物有效性变化的描述性土壤参数，仍缺乏全面的认识。
本综述重点关注了源材料对土壤 PAHs 生物可给性和生物有效性的作用，这一点往往被忽视，同时还考虑了其他非生物因素，包括污染物浓度和混合物、土壤组成和性质以及环境因素。还考虑了不同类型的风险评估（生态和人体健康）对土壤中 PAHs 生物可给性和生物有效性的影响。
我们建议未来的研究应（1）考虑源材料对土壤 PAHs 生物可给性和生物有效性的影响；（2）采用非破坏性方法来分析控制 PAH 固定的土壤成分；（3）在评估土壤有机质（SOM）对 PAHs 行为的影响时，同时考虑天然有机质（NOM）和外来有机质（XOM）；（4）在评估 PAH 生物可给性和生物有效性时，考虑生态风险评估和人体健康风险评估中不同的解吸情景。
