Prigent Elise, Amorim Michel-Ange, de Oliveira Armando Mónica
LIMSI, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-, 91405, Orsay, France.
CIAMS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Jan;80(1):82-93. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1422-6.
Humans have developed a specific capacity to rapidly perceive and anticipate other people's facial expressions so as to get an immediate impression of their emotional state of mind. We carried out two experiments to examine the perceptual and memory dynamics of facial expressions of pain. In the first experiment, we investigated how people estimate other people's levels of pain based on the perception of various dynamic facial expressions; these differ both in terms of the amount and intensity of activated action units. A second experiment used a representational momentum (RM) paradigm to study the emotional anticipation (memory bias) elicited by the same facial expressions of pain studied in Experiment 1. Our results highlighted the relationship between the level of perceived pain (in Experiment 1) and the direction and magnitude of memory bias (in Experiment 2): When perceived pain increases, the memory bias tends to be reduced (if positive) and ultimately becomes negative. Dynamic facial expressions of pain may reenact an "immediate perceptual history" in the perceiver before leading to an emotional anticipation of the agent's upcoming state. Thus, a subtle facial expression of pain (i.e., a low contraction around the eyes) that leads to a significant positive anticipation can be considered an adaptive process-one through which we can swiftly and involuntarily detect other people's pain.
人类已经发展出一种特殊能力，能够快速感知并预测他人的面部表情，从而对他们的情绪心理状态形成即时印象。我们进行了两项实验，以研究疼痛面部表情的感知和记忆动态。在第一个实验中，我们研究了人们如何根据对各种动态面部表情的感知来估计他人的疼痛程度；这些面部表情在激活的动作单元数量和强度方面都有所不同。第二个实验使用了表象动量（RM）范式，来研究由实验1中所研究的相同疼痛面部表情引发的情绪预期（记忆偏差）。我们的结果突出了感知到的疼痛程度（在实验1中）与记忆偏差的方向和大小（在实验2中）之间的关系：当感知到的疼痛增加时，记忆偏差往往会减小（如果是正向的），最终变为负向。疼痛的动态面部表情可能会在感知者心中重现一段“即时感知历史”，然后才会引发对行为者即将出现的状态的情绪预期。因此，一种导致显著正向预期的微妙疼痛面部表情（即眼睛周围的轻微收缩）可以被视为一种适应性过程——通过这个过程，我们能够迅速且不由自主地察觉到他人的疼痛。
