Zhang Michael, Shen Zhenyu, Rollins Dale, Fales William, Zhang Shuping
A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
B Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
Avian Dis. 2017 Sep;61(3):391-396. doi: 10.1637/11629-031517-RegR.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important issue for both wildlife conservation and public health. The purpose of this study was to screen for AMR in fecal bacteria isolated from northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a species that is an ecologically and economically important natural resource in the southern United States. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 45 Escherichia coli isolates, 20 Enterococcus faecalis isolates, and 10 Enterococcus faecium isolates were determined using the Sensititer microbroth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) plate, AVIAN1F. Overall, E. coli isolates had high MIC values for the following classes of antimicrobials: aminocoumarins, beta-lactams, lincosamides, macrolides, florfenicol, and sulfonamides. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates had high MICs for aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, lincosamides, and sulfonamides. Enterococcus faecalis isolates also showed high MICs for aminocoumarins, while E. faecium isolates had high MICs for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. Based on available veterinary interpretive criteria, 15% and 33% of E. coli isolates were resistant to sulphathiazole and sulphadimethoxine, respectively. Intermediate susceptibility to florfenicol was seen with 17.8% of E. coli isolates. Twenty percent of E. faecalis and 80% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to high-concentration streptomycin. One third of E. faecalis and 70% of E. faecium isolates were intermediately susceptible to erythromycin. Ten percent of E. faecium isolates were resistant to tetracycline and oxytetracycline. A comparison of available MIC suggests that AMR in wild bobwhite is less severe than in domestic poultry. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of AMR in wild bobwhite.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对野生动物保护和公共卫生而言都是一个重要问题。本研究的目的是筛查从北部白喉鹑（Colinus virginianus）分离出的粪便细菌中的AMR，该物种是美国南部一种具有生态和经济重要性的自然资源。使用Sensititer微量肉汤稀释最低抑菌浓度（MIC）平板AVIAN1F测定了45株大肠杆菌分离株、20株粪肠球菌分离株和10株屎肠球菌分离株的药敏谱。总体而言，大肠杆菌分离株对以下几类抗菌药物具有较高的MIC值：氨基香豆素类、β-内酰胺类、林可酰胺类、大环内酯类、氟苯尼考和磺胺类。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌分离株对氨基环醇类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、林可酰胺类和磺胺类具有较高的MIC值。粪肠球菌分离株对氨基香豆素类也显示出较高的MIC值，而屎肠球菌分离株对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑和四环素具有较高的MIC值。根据现有的兽医解释标准，分别有15%和33%的大肠杆菌分离株对磺胺噻唑和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶耐药。17.8%的大肠杆菌分离株对氟苯尼考表现出中度敏感性。20%的粪肠球菌和80%的屎肠球菌分离株对高浓度链霉素耐药。三分之一的粪肠球菌和70%的屎肠球菌分离株对红霉素中度敏感。10%的屎肠球菌分离株对四环素和土霉素耐药。现有MIC的比较表明，野生白喉鹑中的AMR不如家禽严重。需要进一步调查以确定野生白喉鹑中AMR的来源。
