Aasmäe Birgit, Häkkinen Liidia, Kaart Tanel, Kalmus Piret
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Bacteriology-Pathology, Estonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu, Estonia.
Acta Vet Scand. 2019 Jan 21;61(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13028-019-0441-9.
The prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in food-producing animals has increased worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy and diseased swine and cattle in Estonia. Clinical specimen and faecal samples were collected during 2010 to 2015. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the microdilution method.
The most prevalent resistance of E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine was observed against streptomycin (39.2%), tetracycline (32.5%) and sulfamethoxazole (30.0%), whereas in clinically healthy cattle, the resistance was the highest against aminoglycosides (7.0-8.8%) and tetracycline (7.0%). The E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine showed significantly higher multidrug-resistance compared to isolates originated from clinically healthy cattle. E. coli isolates from diseased swine showed highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (68.6%), tetracycline (60.2%) and streptomycin (54.6%). The proportion of resistant E. coli isolates from diseased cattle (clinical submissions) was highest to streptomycin (63.5%), sulfamethoxazole (60.3%) and tetracycline (58.8%). The proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates did not differ significantly between animal species. Among E. coli isolates, four strains representing AmpC phenotypes were found. One plasmid-encoded AmpC type β-lactamases producing E. coli from clinically healthy cattle was found to harbour the bla gene, and another from clinically healthy swine carried the bla gene. Among nine E. coli strains exhibiting an ESBL phenotype three strains was found to be the same genotype bla. Enterococci from healthy swine and cattle showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. Regarding enterococci, the number of multidrug-resistant strains was significantly higher in swine isolates compared to isolates originated from cattle.
The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates was high in both Estonian swine and cattle. However, swine isolates, especially E. coli from healthy swine, had developed a higher level of resistance. The amount of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates was also significantly higher in clinically healthy swine compared to that in cattle.
在全球范围内，产肉动物中耐药性大肠杆菌和肠球菌属的流行率有所上升。本研究的目的是调查从爱沙尼亚健康和患病猪及牛中分离出的大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的抗菌药物耐药性情况。在2010年至2015年期间收集临床标本和粪便样本。采用微量稀释法测定体外抗菌药物敏感性。
从临床健康猪中分离出的大肠杆菌菌株对链霉素（39.2%）、四环素（32.5%）和磺胺甲恶唑（30.0%）的耐药性最为普遍，而在临床健康牛中，对氨基糖苷类（7.0 - 8.8%）和四环素（7.0%）的耐药性最高。与源自临床健康牛的分离株相比，临床健康猪的大肠杆菌分离株显示出显著更高的多重耐药性。患病猪的大肠杆菌分离株对磺胺甲恶唑（68.6%）、四环素（60.2%）和链霉素（54.6%）的耐药性最高。患病牛（临床送检样本）的耐药大肠杆菌分离株对链霉素（63.5%）、磺胺甲恶唑（60.3%）和四环素（58.8%）的比例最高。动物物种之间多重耐药分离株的比例没有显著差异。在大肠杆菌分离株中，发现了四株具有AmpC表型的菌株。从临床健康牛中分离出一株产生质粒编码AmpC型β-内酰胺酶的大肠杆菌，其携带bla基因，另一株来自临床健康猪的大肠杆菌携带bla基因。在九株表现出ESBL表型的大肠杆菌菌株中，发现三株具有相同的bla基因型。健康猪和牛的肠球菌对四环素和红霉素耐药性较高。关于肠球菌，与源自牛的分离株相比，猪分离株中的多重耐药菌株数量显著更高。
爱沙尼亚猪和牛的大肠杆菌分离株抗菌药物耐药性都很高。然而，猪分离株，尤其是来自健康猪的大肠杆菌，耐药水平更高。临床健康猪中多重耐药大肠杆菌分离株的数量也显著高于牛。
