Umu Özgün C O, Rudi Knut, Diep Dzung B
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2017 Jan 1;28(1):1348886. doi: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1348886. eCollection 2017.
The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.
肠道微生物群被认为是一个与宿主一生共同发育的器官。肠道微生物群的组成和代谢活动受到宿主基因与环境因素（如生活方式、饮食、压力和抗菌药物）之间复杂的相互作用影响。显然，某些益生元以及乳酸菌产生的抗菌物质能够塑造肠道微生物群的组成及其代谢活动，以促进宿主健康和/或预防疾病。在本综述中，我们旨在概述益生元纤维和乳酸菌产生的细菌素对肠道微生物群及其活动的影响，这些影响着宿主的生理和健康。这代表了调节肠道微生物群的两种不同机制，第一种涉及通过促进有益菌生长的剥削性竞争，第二种涉及通过阻止病原体和其他有害细菌生长的干扰性竞争。对于肠道中的干扰性竞争，细菌素相对于传统抗生素具有特殊优势，因为它们可以被设计为针对特定的有害细菌和其他病原体起作用，而对共享同一生态位的有益微生物没有任何显著的附带影响。
