Van Timmeren Steven, Horejsi Logan, Larson Shadi, Spink Katherine, Fanning Philip, Isaacs Rufus
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
Environ Entomol. 2017 Oct 1;46(5):1106-1114. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx131.
Spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive vinegar fly that has become a primary direct pest of berry crops worldwide. We conducted 2 yr of behavioral studies in blueberry plantings to determine how fly activity varied throughout the day. Observations of diurnal activity of adult D. suzukii found the greatest activity in the morning hours between 0600 and 0800 hours, when the majority of flies were on the berries. Flies were also active in the evening mainly between 1800 and 2000 hours; however, this trend was more prominent in 2015, which had cooler and more humid evenings. Experiments examining the effect of irrigation on D. suzukii behavior showed that flies remained active during and after irrigation. The effect of insecticide treatments alone and in combination with irrigation revealed that treatment with spinosad had limited effects on the number of flies per bush, whereas spinetoram reduced the number flying and on the bushes in some cases. Zeta-cypermethrin caused longer and more consistent reduction in D. suzukii flying and on bushes. In all treatments, we observed surviving flies flying near and on treated bushes, indicating that these insecticides do not completely deter fly activity. Irrigation did not influence the effects of zeta-cypermethrin on fly behavior during daily observations up to 3 d after application. Our results highlight that the diurnal patterns of activity of D. suzukii on host plants are flexible and are relatively unaffected by irrigation or insecticide applications.
斑翅果蝇，铃木果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科），是一种入侵性果蝇，已成为全球浆果作物的主要直接害虫。我们在蓝莓种植园中进行了为期两年的行为研究，以确定果蝇活动在一天中的变化情况。对成年铃木果蝇昼夜活动的观察发现，在上午6点至8点之间活动最为频繁，此时大多数果蝇都在浆果上。果蝇在傍晚也很活跃，主要在18点至20点之间；然而，这种趋势在2015年更为明显，该年傍晚气温较低且湿度较大。研究灌溉对铃木果蝇行为影响的实验表明，果蝇在灌溉期间和灌溉后仍保持活跃。单独使用杀虫剂以及与灌溉结合使用杀虫剂的效果表明，多杀菌素处理对每株灌木上的果蝇数量影响有限，而乙基多杀菌素在某些情况下减少了飞行中和灌木上的果蝇数量。高效氯氰菊酯使铃木果蝇在飞行中和灌木上的数量减少得更持久、更稳定。在所有处理中，我们观察到有存活的果蝇在处理过的灌木附近和上面飞行，这表明这些杀虫剂并不能完全阻止果蝇的活动。在施药后的3天日常观察中，灌溉并未影响高效氯氰菊酯对果蝇行为的影响。我们的研究结果表明，铃木果蝇在寄主植物上的昼夜活动模式具有灵活性，相对不受灌溉或杀虫剂施用的影响。
