Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105:237-249. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.018. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Physical activity (PA) decreases during the transition from childhood to adolescence, with larger declines observed in girls. School-based interventions are considered the most promising approach for increasing adolescents' PA levels although, it is unclear which types of school-based interventions have the greatest impact. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact and design of school-based PA interventions targeting adolescent girls. A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and PsychInfo). This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42016037428) and PRISMA guidelines (2009) were followed throughout. Twenty studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. There was a significant small positive treatment effect for school-based PA interventions for adolescent girls (k=17, g=0.37, p<0.05). After an outlier was removed (residual z=7.61) the average treatment effect was significantly reduced, indicating a very small positive effect (k=16, g=0.07, p=0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed very small significant effects for multi-component interventions (k=7, g=0.09, p<0.05), interventions underpinned by theory (k=12, g=0.07, p<0.05), and studies with a higher risk of bias (k=13, g=0.09, p<0.05). Intervention effects were very small which indicates that changing PA behaviors in adolescent girls through school-based interventions is challenging. Multi-component interventions and interventions underpinned by theory may be the most effective approaches to positively change adolescent girls' PA.
体力活动（PA）在儿童期向青春期过渡期间减少，女孩的下降幅度更大。基于学校的干预措施被认为是提高青少年 PA 水平的最有希望的方法，尽管尚不清楚哪种类型的基于学校的干预措施具有最大的影响。本系统评价的目的是评估针对青春期女孩的基于学校的 PA 干预措施的影响和设计。使用四个电子数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus 和 PsychInfo）进行了系统搜索。本系统评价在 PROSPERO（注册号：CRD42016037428）中进行了注册，并在整个过程中遵循了 PRISMA 指南（2009 年）。有 20 项研究符合纳入标准，并被纳入叙述性综合分析。有 17 项研究符合纳入荟萃分析的标准。对于针对青春期女孩的基于学校的 PA 干预措施，有一个显著的小的积极治疗效果（k=17，g=0.37，p<0.05）。在去除一个异常值（残差 z=7.61）后，平均治疗效果显著降低，表明效果非常小（k=16，g=0.07，p=0.05）。亚组分析显示，多组分干预（k=7，g=0.09，p<0.05）、基于理论的干预（k=12，g=0.07，p<0.05）和高偏倚风险的研究（k=13，g=0.09，p<0.05）的效果非常小，具有显著意义。干预效果非常小，这表明通过基于学校的干预措施改变青春期女孩的 PA 行为具有挑战性。多组分干预和基于理论的干预可能是积极改变青春期女孩 PA 的最有效方法。
