de S Oliveira Márcia Cristina, Nicodemo Maria Luiza F, Gusmão Marcos R, Pezzopane José Ricardo M, Bilhassi Talita B, Santana Clarissa H, Gonçalves Thuane C, Rabelo Márcio D, Giglioti Rodrigo
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2017 Nov 15;246:96-99. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.020. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
The use of silvopastoral systems (SPS) can be a good alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of livestock breeding in Brazil. One of the reasons for its scarce adoption is the lack of information on health and productivity of cattle raised under these conditions. The experiment reported here was designed to compare the infestation by external parasites - the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), horn fly (Haematobia irritans), and larvae of the botfly (Dermatobia hominis) - in beef cattle raised in a SPS and a conventional pasture system (CPS), evaluated for 24 months. Data on air and soil temperature, solar radiation, wind incidence and water balance were used to characterize the SPS and CPS. R. microplus adult females and D. hominis larvae were counted on the body of each animal to determine the parasites burdens, but we did not find significant differences between the two systems. Horn flies counts on animals' body, and analysis of the horn fly and its pupal parasitoids associated with the dung pats were obtained in the two systems. Horn fly infestation was significantly lower (p=0.01) in the SPS (13.17±3.46) in comparison with the CPS (24.02±4.43). In SPS and CPS, respectively, the mean densities of pupae of H. irritansin dung pats were 9.8 and 10.7; the mean density of adults of H. irritans, 3.7 and 3.5; and the density of its pupal parasitoids were 20.5 and 5.4. The effect of production system was significant (p<0.05) only for the occurrence of pupal parasitoids of the horn fly, where the greatest occurrences of these natural enemies were in the SPS. These data indicate that natural enemies were able to control, at least partially, the horn fly populations in the cattle.
在巴西，采用林牧系统（SPS）可能是减少畜牧业对环境影响的一个良好选择。其采用率较低的原因之一是缺乏关于在这些条件下饲养的牛的健康和生产力的信息。本文报道的实验旨在比较在SPS和传统牧场系统（CPS）中饲养的肉牛的体外寄生虫感染情况——牛蜱（微小扇头蜱）、角蝇（血蝇）和肤蝇幼虫（人皮蝇），评估期为24个月。利用空气和土壤温度、太阳辐射、风的发生率和水平衡数据来描述SPS和CPS。对每头牛的身体上的微小扇头蜱成年雌性和人皮蝇幼虫进行计数以确定寄生虫负荷，但我们没有发现这两个系统之间存在显著差异。在两个系统中都对牛身上的角蝇进行了计数，并对与牛粪相关的角蝇及其蛹寄生蜂进行了分析。与CPS（24.02±4.43）相比，SPS（13.17±3.46）中的角蝇感染率显著较低（p=0.01）。在SPS和CPS中，牛粪中血蝇蛹的平均密度分别为9.8和10.7；血蝇成虫的平均密度分别为3.7和3.5；其蛹寄生蜂的密度分别为20.5和5.4。生产系统的影响仅对角蝇蛹寄生蜂的出现具有显著意义（p<0.05），其中这些天敌在SPS中的出现率最高。这些数据表明，天敌能够至少部分地控制牛群中的角蝇数量。
