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自身免疫性肝炎:标准治疗与替代治疗的系统评价。

Autoimmune hepatitis: Standard treatment and systematic review of alternative treatments.

机构信息

Epatocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.

Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom.

出版信息

World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep 7;23(33):6030-6048. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6030.

Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease, affecting all ages, characterised by elevated transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive autoantibodies, interface hepatitis at liver histology and good response to immunosuppressive treatment. If untreated, it has a poor prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for standard treatment and to provide a systematic review on alternative treatments for adults and children. Standard treatment is based on steroids and azathioprine, and leads to disease remission in 80%-90% of patients. Alternative first line treatment has been attempted with budesonide or cyclosporine, but their superiority compared to standard treatment remains to be demonstrated. Second-line treatments are needed for patients not responding or intolerant to standard treatment. No randomized controlled trials have been performed for second-line options. Mycophenolate mofetil is the most widely used second-line drug, and has good efficacy particularly for patients intolerant to azathioprine, but has the major disadvantage of being teratogenic. Only few and heterogeneous data on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, everolimus and sirolimus are available. More recently, experience with the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha infliximab and the anti-CD20 rituximab has been published, with ambivalent results; these agents may have severe side-effects and their use should be restricted to specialized centres. Clinical trials with new therapeutic options are ongoing.

摘要

自身免疫性肝炎是一种罕见的慢性炎症性肝病,可影响所有年龄段,其特征为转氨酶和免疫球蛋白 G 水平升高、自身抗体阳性、肝组织学表现为界面肝炎和对免疫抑制治疗有良好反应。如果不治疗,预后不良。本综述的目的是总结标准治疗的证据,并对成人和儿童的替代治疗进行系统评价。标准治疗基于类固醇和硫唑嘌呤,可使 80%-90%的患者疾病缓解。曾尝试用布地奈德或环孢素替代一线治疗,但与标准治疗相比,其优越性仍有待证明。对于对标准治疗无反应或不耐受的患者,需要二线治疗。二线治疗选择尚未进行随机对照试验。霉酚酸酯是应用最广泛的二线药物,疗效良好,特别是对不耐受硫唑嘌呤的患者,但有很大的致畸风险。只有少数关于环孢素、他克莫司、依维莫司和西罗莫司的异质性数据。最近,已有关于抗肿瘤坏死因子-α英夫利昔单抗和抗 CD20 利妥昔单抗的经验发表,但结果喜忧参半;这些药物可能有严重的副作用,应限制在专门中心使用。正在进行新治疗选择的临床试验。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1948/5597495/babf2a0b5c4b/WJG-23-6030-g001.jpg

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