1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2 Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Jan;158(1):90-99. doi: 10.1177/0194599817733664. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Objective To investigate the olfactory and gustatory functions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. Study Design A cross-sectional study of olfactory and gustatory functions of HIV-infected adults between March 2015 and December 2015. Setting Tertiary health institution. Subjects and Methods A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to obtain relevant sociodemographic and clinical information. Participants' nadir and most recent CD4 cell count and viral loads were obtained from their medical records. Participants' body mass indices were determined, and each subjectively rated their olfactory and gustatory performances. Objective olfactory and gustatory functions were determined using validated "Sniffin' Sticks" and "Taste Strips" impregnated with 4 different concentrations of sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, sodium chloride, and citric acid. Results In total, 135 HIV-infected adults, comprising 41 (30.4%) men and 94 (69.6%) women, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 20 to 70 years, mean 43.4 ± 10.4 years. Participants were on highly active antiretroviral therapy for a mean duration of 75.8 ± 36.9 months. The proportions of male participants in HIV stages 1, 2, and 3 were 18 (43.9%), 19 (46.3%), and 4 (9.8%), respectively, while female participants were 46 (48.9%), 41 (43.6%), and 7 (7.4%), respectively. Participants' mean olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were 8.0 ± 4.9, 9.9 ± 4.7, 8.8 ± 4.5, and 26.7 ± 11.1, respectively, while total taste score was 25.1 ± 5.7. Conclusion HIV-infected adults have tendency to develop hyposmia and hypogeusia. These are worse with advanced stage of HIV infection.
研究尼日利亚伊巴丹地区人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者的嗅觉和味觉功能。
2015 年 3 月至 12 月间，对 HIV 感染者进行的一项横断面研究，评估了其嗅觉和味觉功能。
三级医疗机构。
向参与者发放结构化问卷，以获取相关社会人口学和临床信息。从病历中获取参与者的最低和最近的 CD4 细胞计数和病毒载量。确定参与者的体重指数，并由每位参与者主观评估其嗅觉和味觉表现。使用经过验证的“嗅棒”和“味觉条”评估客观的嗅觉和味觉功能，这些测试条浸渍有 4 种不同浓度的蔗糖、盐酸奎宁、氯化钠和柠檬酸。
共评估了 135 名 HIV 感染者，其中 41 名（30.4%）为男性，94 名（69.6%）为女性。他们的年龄从 20 岁到 70 岁不等，平均为 43.4 ± 10.4 岁。参与者接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的平均时间为 75.8 ± 36.9 个月。男性参与者的 HIV 1 期、2 期和 3 期的比例分别为 18（43.9%）、19（46.3%）和 4（9.8%），而女性参与者的比例分别为 46（48.9%）、41（43.6%）和 7（7.4%）。参与者的平均嗅觉阈值、辨别力、识别力和 TDI 评分为 8.0 ± 4.9、9.9 ± 4.7、8.8 ± 4.5 和 26.7 ± 11.1，而总味觉评分则为 25.1 ± 5.7。
HIV 感染者存在嗅觉和味觉减退的趋势，随着 HIV 感染的进展，这种情况会更严重。
