Zambiazzi E V, Bruzi A T, Sales A P, Borges I M M, Guilherme S R, Zuffo A M, Lima J G, Ribeiro F O, Mendes A E S, Godinho S H M, Carvalho M L M
Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2017 Sep 21;16(3):gmr-16-03-gmr.16039770. doi: 10.4238/gmr16039770.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars by adopting phenotypic traits and enzymatic markers, the relative contribution of agronomic traits to diversity, as well as diversity between the level of technology used in soybean cultivars and genetic breeding programs in which cultivars were inserted. The experiments were conducted on the field at the Center for Scientific and Technological Development in crop-livestock production and the Electrophoresis Laboratory of Lavras Federal University. The agronomic traits adopted were grain yield, plant height, first legume insertion, plant lodging, the mass of one thousand seeds, and days for complete maturation, in which the Euclidean distance, grouped by Tocher and UPGMA criteria, was obtained. After electrophorese gels for enzymatic systems, dehydrogenase alcohol, esterase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were performed. The genetic similarity estimative was also obtained between genotypes by the Jaccard coefficient with subsequent grouping by the UPGMA method. The formation of two groups was shown using phenotypic characters in the genetic diversity study and individually discriminating the cultivar 97R73 RR. The character with the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence was grain yield with contribution higher than 90.0%. To obtain six different groups, individually discriminating the cultivars CG 8166 RR, FPS Jupiter RR, and BRS MG 780 RR, enzymatic markers were used. Cultivars carrying the RR technology presented more divergence than conventional cultivars and IPRO cultivars.
本研究的目的是通过采用表型性状和酶标记来评估大豆品种的遗传多样性、农艺性状对多样性的相对贡献，以及大豆品种所采用的技术水平与这些品种所在的遗传育种计划之间的多样性。试验在作物 - 畜牧生产科技发展中心的田间以及拉夫拉斯联邦大学的电泳实验室进行。所采用的农艺性状包括籽粒产量、株高、第一荚着生节位、植株倒伏情况、千粒重和完全成熟天数，通过这些性状以托赫尔法和类平均法（UPGMA）为标准计算欧氏距离。对脱氢酶、酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶等酶系统进行电泳凝胶分析。还通过杰卡德系数获得基因型之间的遗传相似性估计值，随后用类平均法（UPGMA）进行分组。在遗传多样性研究中，利用表型性状显示形成了两组，并单独区分出品种97R73 RR。对遗传差异贡献最大的性状是籽粒产量，贡献率高于90.0%。为了获得六个不同的组，单独区分出品种CG 8166 RR、FPS Jupiter RR和BRS MG 780 RR，使用了酶标记。携带RR技术的品种比常规品种和IPRO品种表现出更大的差异。
