Montandon Sophie A, Jornayvaz François R
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Genes (Basel). 2017 Sep 30;8(10):250. doi: 10.3390/genes8100250.
Gut microbiota forms a catalog of about 1000 bacterial species; which mainly belong to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. Microbial genes are essential for key metabolic processes; such as the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA); amino acids; bile acids or vitamins. It is becoming clear that gut microbiota is playing a prevalent role in pathologies such as metabolic syndrome; type 2 diabetes (T2D); inflammatory and bowel diseases. Obesity and related diseases; notably type 2 diabetes, induce gut dysbiosis. In this review; we aim to cover the current knowledge about the effects of antidiabetic drugs on gut microbiota diversity and composition as well as the potential beneficial effects mediated by specific taxa. Metformin is the first-line treatment against T2D. In addition to its glucose-lowering and insulin sensitizing effects, metformin promotes SCFA-producing and mucin-degrading bacteria. Other antidiabetic drugs discussed in this review show positive effects on dysbiosis; but without any consensus specifically regarding the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Thus, beneficial effects might be mediated by specific taxa.
肠道微生物群构成了一个约有1000种细菌的目录，主要属于厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。微生物基因对于关键的代谢过程至关重要，如短链脂肪酸（SCFA）、氨基酸、胆汁酸或维生素的生物合成。越来越明显的是，肠道微生物群在诸如代谢综合征、2型糖尿病（T2D）、炎症性肠病等病症中发挥着普遍作用。肥胖及相关疾病，尤其是2型糖尿病，会导致肠道微生物群失调。在本综述中，我们旨在涵盖有关抗糖尿病药物对肠道微生物群多样性和组成的影响以及特定分类群介导的潜在有益作用的当前知识。二甲双胍是治疗T2D的一线药物。除了其降血糖和胰岛素增敏作用外，二甲双胍还能促进产生SCFA和降解粘蛋白的细菌生长。本综述中讨论的其他抗糖尿病药物对微生物群失调显示出积极作用，但对于厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例没有任何一致的结论。因此，有益作用可能是由特定分类群介导的。
