Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278-294, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan.
Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 3;7(1):12597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12728-2.
The lateral body plate pleuron is a significant structure in insects that contributes to the development and elaboration of wings and limbs (appendages). Although the pleuron is thought to originate from the proximal-most appendicular segment, the subcoxa, details remain unclear, and the morphological boundary between the dorsal body plate tergum and appendage (BTA) has not been clearly specified. Employing low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the nano-suit method for SEM, we followed, in detail, the development of the thoracic segments of the two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus and succeeded in clearly defining the BTA. This study demonstrates the subcoxal origin of the pleuron, suggests the tergal origin of spiracles, and reveals that the wing proper originates exclusively from the tergum, whereas the wing hinge and direct muscles may be appendicular in origin, suggesting the dual origin (i.e., tergal plus appendicular origin) of wings.
侧板体节pleuron 是昆虫中一个重要的结构，它有助于翅膀和附肢（appendages）的发育和精细化。虽然侧板体节被认为起源于最靠近近端的附肢节，即subcoxa，但细节仍不清楚，而且背体节背板tergum 和附肢（BTA）之间的形态边界也没有明确规定。本研究采用低真空扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 SEM 的纳米套装方法，详细研究了双斑蟋蟀 Gryllus bimaculatus 的胸段发育，并成功地明确了 BTA。这项研究表明侧板体节起源于 subcoxa，提示气门起源于背板，并且揭示了真正的翅膀仅源自背板，而翅膀铰链和直接肌肉可能起源于附肢，这表明翅膀具有双重起源（即背板和附肢起源）。
