Spiess Bruce D
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
J Extra Corpor Technol. 2017 Sep;49(3):192-197.
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the most widely used injectable medication in the United States. UFH is a poly-dispersed, relatively impure combination of many polysaccharides known as a glycosaminoglycan. It is used as the primary anticoagulant for heart surgery as well as for active treatment of deep venous thrombosis, vascular thrombosis, stroke, and many other potentially catastrophic clotting syndromes. Many perfusionists and cardiac team members know little of the biology of UFH other than its use for cardiopulmonary bypass. UFH is very similar to heparin sulfate, found on the surface of endothelial cells. Heparan sulfate protects endothelial surfaces from inflammatory attack and serves as a mechano-transducer for vascular shear. UFH and all glycosaminoglycans have far reaching pleotropic actions. This review elaborates on some of fascinating unique biology of these polysaccharides. Perhaps a number of the complex complications attributed to CPB are either caused by, or set up to occur by the complicated biology of UFH?
普通肝素（UFH）是美国使用最广泛的注射用药物。UFH是一种多分散、相对不纯的多种多糖组合，称为糖胺聚糖。它被用作心脏手术的主要抗凝剂，以及用于深静脉血栓形成、血管血栓形成、中风和许多其他潜在灾难性凝血综合征的积极治疗。许多灌注师和心脏团队成员除了知道UFH用于体外循环外，对其生物学特性了解甚少。UFH与在内皮细胞表面发现的硫酸乙酰肝素非常相似。硫酸乙酰肝素可保护内皮表面免受炎症攻击，并作为血管剪切力的机械转导器。UFH和所有糖胺聚糖都具有广泛的多效性作用。本综述阐述了这些多糖一些迷人的独特生物学特性。也许许多归因于体外循环的复杂并发症要么是由UFH复杂的生物学特性引起的，要么是由其导致发生的？
