Sirault B
Service de Médecine interne, Diabétologie-Endocrinologie, Hôpital André Vésale, C.H.U. Charleroi.
Rev Med Brux. 2016;37(4):334-339.
The hypercalcemia is defined as a blood calcium range above 2.6 mmol/l. Its prevalence is variable in different studies and it is comprised between 2 and 8/1000 in the general population. The primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) and cancers are both responsible for about 80 per cent to 90 per cent of causes of hypercalcemia1. The PHP is the first ambulatory cause of hypercalcemia. Contrarily to this, the neoplastic etiology is mainly seen in the hospital settings. The other causes of the hypercalcemia are vitamin D overdose, secondary hypercalcemia due to medications intake and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia which will be discussed in this article. The hypocalcemia is defined as a blood calcium range underneath 2.2 mmol/l. The most common etiologies are the postoperative hypopara-thyroidism as a complication of approximatively 1.5 % of thyroidectomies2, the vitamin D deficiency and terminal chronic kidney failure. The other rare causes such as autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid agenesis, pseudoparathyroidism and hypomagnesemia will be discussed in this article.
高钙血症定义为血钙范围高于2.6 mmol/l。其患病率在不同研究中有所不同，在普通人群中为千分之二至八。原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHP）和癌症约占高钙血症病因的80%至90%。PHP是门诊高钙血症的首要病因。与此相反，肿瘤病因主要见于医院环境。高钙血症的其他病因包括维生素D过量、因药物摄入导致的继发性高钙血症以及家族性低钙尿性高钙血症，本文将对此进行讨论。低钙血症定义为血钙范围低于2.2 mmol/l。最常见的病因是术后甲状旁腺功能减退，约1.5%的甲状腺切除术后会出现这种并发症，维生素D缺乏和终末期慢性肾衰竭。本文还将讨论其他罕见病因，如自身免疫性甲状旁腺功能减退、甲状旁腺发育不全、假性甲状旁腺功能减退和低镁血症。
