Flauzino Tamires, Simao Andrea N C, de Almeida Elaine R D, Morimoto Helena K, Oliveira Sayonara R, Alfieri Daniela F, Ueda Luiz T, Dichi Isaias, Reiche Edna M V
Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Curr HIV Res. 2017 Nov 23;15(5):336-344. doi: 10.2174/1570162X15666171005170227.
The role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is still unclear.
To evaluate the associations between vitamin D and immunological, virological, and oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
The serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were determined in 314 HIV-1- infected individuals and 127 controls and the values ≥30 ng/mL defined a vitamin D sufficient (VDS) status, and <30 ng/mL defined the presence of hypovitaminosis D (HD). Oxidative stress was evaluated with plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), carbonyl protein, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Plasma HIV-1 viral load and CD4+/CD8+ T cells were quantified.
The 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status did not differ between HIV-1-infected individuals and controls. Hydroperoxides and AOPP were higher (p<0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively), whereas TRAP, carbonyl protein, and NOx were lower in HIV-1-infected individuals than controls (p<0.0001). HIV-1-infected individuals with HD showed higher hydroperoxide levels than those with a VDS status (p=0.012) and controls (p=0.022), independent of ethnicity and antiretroviral therapy. A positive correlation between 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL and viral load was observed when expressed as the number of copies/mL (r=0.178, p=0.039), as well as log10 copies/mL (r=0.183, p=0.033).
These results suggest the bimodal influence of vitamin D in the modulation of immune response in HIV-1 infection, considering its differential susceptibility to modulation of the various immune targets and pathways.
维生素D在1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染的病理生理学中的作用仍不清楚。
评估1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染个体中维生素D与免疫、病毒学及氧化应激生物标志物之间的关联。
测定314例HIV-1感染个体和127例对照者的血清25羟维生素D [25(OH)D]水平，≥30 ng/mL的值定义为维生素D充足（VDS）状态，<30 ng/mL定义为维生素D缺乏（HD）。通过血浆脂质过氧化物、晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）、羰基蛋白、一氧化氮代谢产物（NOx）、总自由基捕获抗氧化参数（TRAP）和蛋白质巯基水平评估氧化应激。对血浆HIV-1病毒载量和CD4+/CD8+ T细胞进行定量分析。
HIV-1感染个体和对照者的25(OH)D水平及维生素D状态无差异。HIV-1感染个体的过氧化物和AOPP水平较高（分别为p<0.0001和p=0.002），而TRAP、羰基蛋白和NOx水平低于对照者（p<0.0001）。HD的HIV-1感染个体的过氧化物水平高于VDS状态者（p=0.012）和对照者（p=0.022），与种族和抗逆转录病毒治疗无关。当以每毫升拷贝数表示时，观察到25(OH)D≥30 ng/mL与病毒载量呈正相关（r=0.178，p=0.039），以log10每毫升拷贝数表示时也呈正相关（r=0.183，p=0.033）。
这些结果表明，考虑到维生素D对各种免疫靶点和途径调节的不同易感性，其在HIV-1感染免疫反应调节中具有双峰影响。
