a Florida Mental Health Institute Summer Research Scholar , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.
b School of Social Work , University of South Florida , FL , USA.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2018 Oct-Dec;19(5):500-513. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2017.1387886. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
There is limited research on the phenomenology of how young children who have been exposed to trauma express the intrusive symptom of dissociative reactions. The current qualitative study utilized interviews from a semi-structured diagnostic clinical interview with 74 caregivers of young children (ages 3 to 7) who were exposed to trauma to identify parents' descriptions of their children's dissociative reactions during a clinical interview. Based on results from the interview, 45.9% of the children had dissociative reactions (8.5% had flashbacks and 41.9% had dissociative episodes). Interviews were transcribed to identify themes of dissociative reactions in young children. Common themes to flashbacks and dissociative episodes included being triggered, being psychologically in their own world (e.g., spaced out and shut down), and displaying visible signs (e.g., crying and screaming). For flashbacks, caregivers reported that it seemed as if the child was re-experiencing the trauma (e.g., yelling specific words and having body responses). For dissociative episodes, caregivers noted that the child not only seemed psychologically somewhere else (e.g., distant and not there) but also would be physically positioned somewhere else (e.g., sitting and not responding). Caregivers also expressed their own reactions to the child's dissociative episode due to not understanding what was occurring, and trying to interrupt the occurrences (e.g., calling out to the child). Themes, descriptions, and phrases to describe dissociative reactions in young children after trauma can be used to help parents and professionals more accurately identify occurrences of dissociative reactions.
关于经历过创伤的幼儿如何表达分离反应的侵入性症状的现象学研究有限。目前的定性研究利用了对 74 名幼儿（3 至 7 岁）创伤暴露者的半结构化诊断临床访谈的访谈，以确定父母在临床访谈中描述其子女的分离反应。根据访谈结果，45.9%的儿童有分离反应（8.5%有闪回，41.9%有分离发作）。访谈被转录以识别幼儿分离反应的主题。闪回和分离发作的常见主题包括被触发、心理上处于自己的世界（例如，心不在焉和关闭）以及表现出明显的迹象（例如，哭泣和尖叫）。对于闪回，照顾者报告说，孩子似乎正在重新经历创伤（例如，大喊特定的单词并做出身体反应）。对于分离发作，照顾者注意到孩子不仅在心理上处于其他地方（例如，遥远且不在那里），而且身体也会处于其他地方（例如，坐在那里不回应）。照顾者还表达了他们对孩子分离发作的反应，因为他们不理解正在发生的事情，并试图中断发作（例如，呼唤孩子）。创伤后幼儿分离反应的主题、描述和短语可用于帮助父母和专业人士更准确地识别分离反应的发生。
