简短报告：1978 - 2013年美国围产期获得性HIV感染的估计发病率
Brief Report: Estimated Incidence of Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection in the United States, 1978-2013.
作者信息
Nesheim Steven R, Wiener Jeffrey, Fitz Harris Lauren F, Lampe Margaret A, Weidle Paul J
机构信息
*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention/Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention/Epidemiology Branch; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention/Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Quantitative, Statistical and Data Management Branch; and ‡Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention/Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention/Epidemiology Branch, ICF International.
出版信息
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Dec 15;76(5):461-464. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001552.
BACKGROUND
An incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection less than 1:100,000 live births is one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) goals of the United States. Such an estimate has only been possible in recent years because regular nationwide data were lacking.
METHOD
Using previously published CDC estimates of the number of infants born with HIV infection in the United States (interpolating for years for which there was no published estimate), and census data on the annual number of live-born infants, estimated incidence was calculated for 1978-2013. Exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Poisson distribution.
RESULTS
Estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection peaked at 43.1 (95% CI: 41.1 to 45.1) in 1992 and declined rapidly after the use of zidovudine prophylaxis was recommended in 1994. In 2013, estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection in the United States was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.2), a 96% decline since the peak.
CONCLUSION
Estimated incidence of perinatally acquired HIV infection in the United States in 2013 was 1.8/100,000 live births.
背景
围产期获得性HIV感染发生率低于1:100,000活产儿是美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的目标之一。由于此前缺乏全国性常规数据，直到近年来才有可能做出这样的估计。
方法
利用CDC此前公布的美国HIV感染婴儿数量估计值（对未公布估计值的年份进行插值计算），以及活产婴儿年度人口普查数据，计算1978 - 2013年的估计发病率。使用泊松分布计算精确的95%置信区间（CI）。
结果
1992年围产期获得性HIV感染估计发病率达到峰值43.1（95% CI：41.1至45.1），在1994年推荐使用齐多夫定预防后迅速下降。2013年，美国围产期获得性HIV感染估计发病率为1.8（95% CI：1.4至2.2），自峰值以来下降了96%。
结论
2013年美国围产期获得性HIV感染估计发病率为1.8/100,000活产儿。
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