Celona Bartolo, Crinò Chiara, Giudice Elisabetta, Pietro Simona Di
Private Practitioner, Messina, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
Top Companion Anim Med. 2017 Jun;32(2):72-75. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess epidemiology and echocardiographic findings of pericardial effusion in canine patients and to determine the clinical usefulness and safety of a new pericardiocentesis technique, using a "fistula needle" for hemodialysis. A database of 5304 dogs of different breeds, age, gender, type, and severity of the cardiac disease, referred for a specialist cardiology and echocardiographic examination from 2009-2016, was reviewed. All the dogs were subjected to echocardiography; when possible and required, an echo-guided pericardiocentesis was performed by mean of a 17G "fistula needle" commonly used for hemodialysis. Complete echocardiography was repeated at the end of each pericardiocentesis. Pericardial effusion was identified by echocardiography in 91 dogs (1.71%), 20 were female (21.98%) and 71 were male (78.02%). PE caused cardiac tamponade in 38/91 cases (41.76%). A clear evidence of a neoplasm was found in 33 cases (36.26%). In 32 cases (35.16%) severe degenerative mitral and tricuspid valve disease was detected as the cause of the pericardial effusion. Echo-guided pericardiocentesis was performed in 28 cases (30.77%) with cardiac tamponade. No adverse effects were found in any of the patients during the 48 hours of follow up after pericardiocentesis. This study showed the high incidence of pericardial effusion due to severe bilateral degenerative valve disease in adult to elderly dogs of different breeds. Moreover, the use of a "fistula needle" for pericardiocentesis in dogs showed no adverse effects.
这项回顾性研究的目的是评估犬类心包积液的流行病学和超声心动图表现，并确定一种使用“瘘管针”进行血液透析的新型心包穿刺技术的临床实用性和安全性。我们回顾了一个包含5304只不同品种、年龄、性别、心脏病类型和严重程度的犬类数据库，这些犬类在2009年至2016年期间因专科心脏病学和超声心动图检查而被转诊。所有犬类均接受了超声心动图检查；在可能且必要时，通过通常用于血液透析的17G“瘘管针”进行超声引导下心包穿刺。每次心包穿刺结束时重复进行完整的超声心动图检查。通过超声心动图在91只犬（1.71%）中发现心包积液，其中20只为雌性（21.98%），71只为雄性（78.02%）。91例中有38例（41.76%）因心包积液导致心脏压塞。在33例（36.26%）中发现明确的肿瘤证据。在32例（35.16%）中，检测到严重的退行性二尖瓣和三尖瓣疾病是心包积液的原因。对28例（30.77%）有心脏压塞的病例进行了超声引导下心包穿刺。心包穿刺后48小时的随访中，未在任何患者中发现不良反应。这项研究表明，不同品种的成年至老年犬中，由于严重的双侧退行性瓣膜疾病导致心包积液的发生率很高。此外，在犬类心包穿刺中使用“瘘管针”未显示出不良反应。
