Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2018 Dec;66:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.009. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), including nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and suicide death exhibit substantial sex differences. Across most countries, men die by suicide more frequently than women; yet, women think about and attempt suicide more frequently than men. Research on sex differences in nonsuicidal self-injury is less developed; however, nonsuicidal self-injury is historically understood as a primarily female phenomenon. This review describes current research on sex differences across SITBs with a focus on factors that moderate these effects, such as age, race, geographic region, and time. Additionally, this review describes factors that may help to explain why sex differences across SITBs exist, including differences in culture, access to lethal suicide methods, rates of mental illness, and utilization of health care. The role of gender, and particularly non-binary gender, is also discussed. Current understanding of these sex differences is described with an eye toward future research on this topic.
自伤思想和行为（SITBs），包括非自杀性自伤、自杀意念、自杀企图和自杀死亡，表现出显著的性别差异。在大多数国家，男性自杀的频率高于女性；然而，女性自杀的想法和尝试比男性更为频繁。关于非自杀性自伤的性别差异的研究还不够发达；然而，非自杀性自伤在历史上被理解为主要是女性的现象。本综述描述了 SITBs 中性别差异的当前研究，重点是调节这些影响的因素，如年龄、种族、地理位置和时间。此外，本综述还描述了可能有助于解释 SITBs 中存在性别差异的因素，包括文化差异、获得致命自杀方法的机会、精神疾病发病率和医疗保健的利用。性别，特别是非二元性别，的作用也在讨论中。目前对这些性别差异的理解着眼于这一主题的未来研究。
