You Frank M, Jia Gaofeng, Xiao Jin, Duguid Scott D, Rashid Khalid Y, Booker Helen M, Cloutier Sylvie
Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaMorden, MB, Canada.
Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Sep 21;8:1636. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01636. eCollection 2017.
Assessment of genetic variability of plant core germplasm is needed for efficient germplasm utilization in breeding improvement. A total of 391 accessions of a flax core collection, which preserves the variation present in the world collection of 3,378 accessions maintained by Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC) and represents a broad range of geographical origins, different improvement statuses and two morphotypes, was evaluated in field trials in up to 8 year-location environments for 10 agronomic, eight seed quality, six fiber and three disease resistance traits. The large phenotypic variation in this subset was explained by morphotypes (22%), geographical origins (11%), and other variance components (67%). Both divergence and similarity between two basic morphotypes, namely oil or linseed and fiber types, were observed, whereby linseed accessions had greater thousand seed weight, seeds m, oil content, branching capability and resistance to powdery mildew while fiber accessions had greater straw weight, plant height, protein content and resistance to pasmo and fusarium wilt diseases, but they had similar performance in many traits and some of them shared common characteristics of fiber and linseed types. Weak geographical patterns within either fiber or linseed accessions were confirmed, but specific trait performance was identified in East Asia for fiber type, and South Asia and North America for linseed type. Relatively high broad-sense heritability was obtained for seed quality traits, followed by agronomic traits and resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Diverse phenotypic and genetic variability in the flax core collection constitutes a useful resource for breeding.
为了在育种改良中有效利用种质资源，需要对植物核心种质的遗传变异性进行评估。对一个亚麻核心种质库中的391份种质进行了评估，该种质库保存了加拿大植物基因资源中心（PGRC）保存的3378份世界种质中的变异，代表了广泛的地理起源、不同的改良状态和两种形态类型。在多达8个年份-地点环境的田间试验中，对10个农艺性状、8个种子品质性状、6个纤维性状和3个抗病性状进行了评估。该亚群中较大的表型变异可由形态类型（22%）、地理起源（11%）和其他方差成分（67%）来解释。观察到油用或亚麻籽型和纤维型这两种基本形态类型之间的差异和相似性，其中亚麻籽种质的千粒重、种子m、含油量、分枝能力和对白粉病的抗性更强，而纤维种质的茎秆重量、株高、蛋白质含量以及对亚麻斑点病和枯萎病的抗性更强，但它们在许多性状上表现相似，其中一些具有纤维型和亚麻籽型的共同特征。证实了纤维或亚麻籽种质内部的地理模式较弱，但在东亚发现了纤维型的特定性状表现，在南亚和北美发现了亚麻籽型的特定性状表现。种子品质性状获得了相对较高的广义遗传力，其次是农艺性状以及对白粉病和枯萎病的抗性。亚麻核心种质库中多样的表型和遗传变异性构成了育种的有用资源。
