Pertechnetate-Induced Addition of Sulfide in Small Olefinic Acids: Formation of [TcO(dimercaptosuccinate)] and [TcO(mercaptosuccinate)] Analogues.

Technetium-99 (Tc) is important to the nuclear fuel cycle as a long-lived radionuclide produced in ∼6% fission yield from U or Pu. In its most common chemical form, namely, pertechnetate (TcO), it is environmentally mobile. In situ hydrogen sulfide reduction of pertechnetate has been proposed as a potential method to immobilize environmental TcO that has entered the environment. Reactions of TcO with sulfide in solution result in the precipitation of TcS except when olefinic acids, specifically fumaric or maleic acid, are present; a water-soluble Tc species forms. NMR (H, C, and 2D methods) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy [XAS; near-edge (XANES) and extended fine structure (EXAFS)] studies indicate that sulfide adds across the olefinic bond to generate mercaptosuccinic acid (HMSA) and/or dimercaptosuccinic acid (HDMSA), which then chelate(s) the Tc to form [TcO(MSA)], [TcO(DMSA)], or potentially [TcO(MSA)(DMSA)]. 2D NMR methods allowed identification of the products by comparison to Tc and nonradioactive rhenium standards. The rhenium standards allowed further identification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. TcO is essential to the reaction because no sulfide addition occurs in its absence, as determined by NMR. Computational studies were performed to investigate the structures and stabilities of the potential products. Because olefinic acid is a component of the naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids found in soils and groundwater, the viability of in situ hydrogen sulfide reduction of environmental TcO as an immobilization method is evaluated.