Mota Nayara, Chaves Elenilda, Antunes Marina, Borges Rudi, Paiva Andressa, Santos Vanessa
Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2017 Sep 26;8:1643. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01643. eCollection 2017.
Kindness involves care and non-judgmental understanding toward someone. As a prosocial inclination, kindness would increase the possibility of favorable interaction with the environment, with a successful adjustment of one's response in novel or challenging circumstances, taking into account rules or goals. This adjustment ability is commonly referred to as executive functions, dependent on the prefrontal and parietal functioning, still under development during late adolescence. This study aimed to investigate if kindness would relate with the executive functions. If so, it would correlate more with measures of self-regulation, mainly dependent on the medial prefrontal corticosubcortical circuits. Also, among self-regulating processes, kindness would be more associated with autonomic responses-choices guided by one's understanding/intention - than with adaptive responses-changes on one's choices triggered by unfavorable circumstances. A sample of 46 (31 female; 18 to 21 years-old) healthy college students from the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro attended a clinical interview and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Kindness was measured by the Compassion Scale subscore. Generalized non-linear models for each neuropsychological variable were executed on R, followed by an estimation of weighted parameters for each factor. Significant models which included kindness (weighted parameter Pc > 74) and all of their psychosocial or sociodemographic factors on their maximum expression (Pc > 74) were identified. In a contextualized joint influence with other psychosocial and sociodemographic factors, kindness fits equally goal- and circumstantial- self-regulation, as well as integrative organization of information. Kindness is a principle that optimizes a refreshing and prosocial interaction with the environment. As it anticipates sharing and cooperation behaviors, it might have a primordial function on individual and social development.
善良包含对他人的关怀和无偏见的理解。作为一种亲社会倾向，善良会增加与环境进行良性互动的可能性，即在考虑规则或目标的情况下，成功地在新的或具有挑战性的情境中调整自己的反应。这种调整能力通常被称为执行功能，它依赖于前额叶和顶叶的功能，在青春期后期仍在发展。本研究旨在调查善良是否与执行功能相关。如果是这样，它将与自我调节的测量指标更相关，主要依赖于内侧前额叶皮质-皮质下回路。此外，在自我调节过程中，善良与自主反应（由个人的理解/意图引导的选择）的关联将比与适应性反应（由不利环境引发的选择变化）更强。来自里约热内卢州立大学的46名（31名女性；18至21岁）健康大学生参与了一次临床访谈和全面的神经心理学评估。善良通过同情量表子得分来衡量。在R语言上对每个神经心理学变量执行广义非线性模型，随后估计每个因素的加权参数。确定了包含善良（加权参数Pc > 74）及其所有在最大表达时的心理社会或社会人口统计学因素（Pc > 74）的显著模型。在与其他心理社会和社会人口统计学因素的情境化联合影响中，善良同样适合目标和情境自我调节以及信息的整合组织。善良是一种优化与环境进行清新和亲社会互动的原则。由于它预示着分享和合作行为，它可能在个人和社会发展中具有首要功能。
