Liang Kang, Zhao Xinxin, Yi Jie, Liu Qiong, Liu Qing, Kong Qingke
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Department of Bioengineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2016 May 25;32(5):565-576. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.150393.
Tumor is a neoplasm formed by the abnormal proliferation of local tissue cells under the effects of different tumorigenic factors. Tumor-therapy has always been a difficult clinical issue, while regular cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, have obvious limitations. Earlier studies have shown that some obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes have anti-tumor effects, for example, Salmonella typhymurium as facultative anaerobic bacteria can selectively colonize tumors and inhibit their growth. Besides, Salmonella has many advantages in tumor-therapy. In the past decade or two, many researchers have carried out genetic manipulation to attenuate the virulence of Salmonella, to improve their specificity of tumor colonization and specially to use attenuated Salmonella as carriers to deliver a variety of anti-tumor therapeutic molecules, and these genetically modified Salmonella have shown good anti-tumor effects in many animal experiments. Along with further research of Salmonella-mediated antitumor treatment, applications of genetically modified Salmonella for more effective tumor-therapy are promising. We reviewed the anti-tumor mechanisms of Salmonella, the research progress in tumor-therapy using genetically modified Salmonella, and current problems and possible solutions.
肿瘤是在不同致瘤因素作用下，局部组织细胞异常增殖形成的新生物。肿瘤治疗一直是临床难题，而常规的癌症治疗方法，如放疗、化疗和手术，都有明显的局限性。早期研究表明，一些专性厌氧菌或兼性厌氧菌具有抗肿瘤作用，例如，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌作为兼性厌氧菌，能够选择性地在肿瘤中定植并抑制其生长。此外，沙门氏菌在肿瘤治疗方面具有诸多优势。在过去的一二十年里，许多研究人员进行了基因操作，以减弱沙门氏菌的毒力，提高其肿瘤定植的特异性，特别是利用减毒沙门氏菌作为载体来递送多种抗肿瘤治疗分子，并且这些基因改造后的沙门氏菌在许多动物实验中都显示出了良好的抗肿瘤效果。随着沙门氏菌介导的抗肿瘤治疗研究的进一步深入，基因改造后的沙门氏菌在更有效的肿瘤治疗中的应用前景广阔。我们综述了沙门氏菌的抗肿瘤机制、利用基因改造后的沙门氏菌进行肿瘤治疗的研究进展以及当前存在的问题和可能的解决方案。
