Laury Adrienne M, Wise Sarah K
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013 May 1;27(3):26-27. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3891.
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a type of chronic rhinosinusitis in which patients classically exhibit nasal polyps, type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, characteristic findings on computed tomography scans, eosinophilic mucin, and positive fungal stain. New research has sought to further understand the pathophysiology of AFRS. However, this has also led to debate about the classification and predominance of this interesting disease process. Historically, patients with AFRS are immunocompetent. The disease is most prevalent in the southeast and south central United States and typically presents with sinus pressure, hyposmia, and congestion. Radiographically, cases of AFRS have a distinct appearance, often exhibiting unilateral heterogeneously dense material, which may erode and expand the paranasal sinus bony walls. Treatment typically consists of surgery, sinonasal irrigations, and topical and systemic steroids, all with the effort to decrease the fungal load and antigenic response. Immunotherapy is also often included in the treatment regimen for AFRS.
变应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎（AFRS）是一种慢性鼻-鼻窦炎，患者通常表现为鼻息肉、I型IgE介导的超敏反应、计算机断层扫描的特征性表现、嗜酸性黏液以及真菌染色阳性。新的研究试图进一步了解AFRS的病理生理学。然而，这也引发了关于这种有趣疾病过程的分类和优势的争论。从历史上看，AFRS患者具有免疫能力。这种疾病在美国东南部和中南部最为普遍，通常表现为鼻窦压痛、嗅觉减退和鼻塞。在影像学上，AFRS病例有独特的表现，常表现为单侧不均匀致密物质，可侵蚀并扩大鼻窦骨壁。治疗通常包括手术、鼻窦冲洗以及局部和全身使用类固醇，所有这些都是为了努力减少真菌负荷和抗原反应。免疫疗法也经常被纳入AFRS的治疗方案中。
