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人类枕骨大孔的大小和形状。

The size and shape of the foramen magnum in man.

作者信息

Zdilla Matthew J, Russell Michelle L, Bliss Kaitlyn N, Mangus Kelsey R, Koons Aaron W

机构信息

Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, West Virginia, USA.

Graduate Health Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, West Virginia, USA.

出版信息

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017 Jul-Sep;8(3):205-221. doi: 10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_62_17.

DOI:10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_62_17
PMID:29021672
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5634107/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

The foramen magnum (FM) has garnered broad interest across the disciplines of anthropology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and clinical sciences. Most studies regarding the structure of the FM in humans have been intrapopulation morphometric studies rather than interpopulation morphologic studies. The few studies assessing the morphology of the foramen have utilized ambiguous and subjective descriptors to describe foraminal shape and are, consequently, difficult to reproduce. Therefore, detailed study of FM shape among craniofacially and geographically diverse populations through reproducible methods is warranted.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to assess intersex and interpopulation differences in FM size and shape among diverse populations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study analyzed 152 FMs of varied sex and race via traditional and geometric morphometric methods.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrates that, within each distinct population, the size of the FM is significantly larger in males than in females; however, there are no significant differences in the shapes of the foramina between sexes. However, when comparing different populations to one another, there are significant differences with regard to both the size and shape of the FM. This study also presents a new model of FM ontogeny. Specifically, the growth occurring between the anterior and posterior foraminal boundaries before 5 years of age predicts the ultimate shape of the adult FM.

摘要

背景

枕骨大孔在人类学、比较解剖学、进化生物学和临床科学等学科领域引发了广泛关注。大多数关于人类枕骨大孔结构的研究都是群体内部形态测量研究，而非群体间形态学研究。少数评估枕骨大孔形态的研究使用了模糊且主观的描述词来描述孔的形状，因此难以重复。所以，有必要通过可重复的方法，对颅面部和地理分布多样的人群中的枕骨大孔形状进行详细研究。

目的

本研究旨在评估不同人群中枕骨大孔大小和形状的性别间及群体间差异。

材料与方法

本研究通过传统和几何形态测量方法，分析了152个不同性别和种族的枕骨大孔。

结果与结论

该研究表明，在每个不同群体中，男性枕骨大孔的尺寸显著大于女性；然而，两性之间孔的形状没有显著差异。但是，当将不同群体相互比较时，枕骨大孔的大小和形状均存在显著差异。本研究还提出了一种新的枕骨大孔个体发育模型。具体而言，5岁前在孔前界和后界之间发生的生长情况可预测成人枕骨大孔的最终形状。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/df90/5634107/41b500f23ffe/JCVJS-8-205-g023.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/df90/5634107/8c1466a4a222/JCVJS-8-205-g017.jpg
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