Chainier Delphine, Barraud Olivier, Masson Geoffrey, Couve-Deacon Elodie, François Bruno, Couquet Claude-Yves, Ploy Marie-Cécile
INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, Université Limoges, Limoges, France.
INSERM, CIC1435, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 27;8:1891. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01891. eCollection 2017.
Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue that requires the adoption of a "One-Health" approach promoting integration of human and animal health. Besides culture-dependent techniques frequently used for AMR surveillance, cultivation-independent methods can give additional insights into the diversity and reservoir of AMR genetic determinants. Integrons are molecular markers that can provide overall and reliable estimation of AMR dissemination. In this study, considering the "One-Health" approach, we have analyzed the integron digestive carriage from stools of humans and cattle living in a same area and exposed to different antibiotic selection pressures. Three collections of human [general population (GP) and intensive care unit patients (ICUs)] and bovine (BOV) stool samples were analyzed. The three main classes of integrons were detected using a multiplex qPCR both from total DNA extracted from stools, and from Gram-negative bacteria obtained by culture after an enrichment step. With the cultivation-independent approach, integron carriage was 43.8, 52.7, and 65.6% for GP, ICU, and BOV respectively, percentages being at least twofold higher to those obtained with the cultivation-dependent approach. Class 1 integrons were the most prevalent; class 2 integrons seemed more associated to cattle than to humans; no class 3 integron was detected. The integron carriage was not significantly different between GP and ICU populations according to the antibiotic consumption, whatever the approach. The cultivation-independent approach constitutes a complementary exploratory method to investigate the integron digestive carriage of humans and bovines, notably within subjects under antibiotic treatment. The high frequency of carriage of integrons in the gut is of clinical significance, integrons being able to easily acquire and exchange resistant genes under antibiotic selective pressure and so leading to the dissemination of resistant bacteria.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的传播是一个全球性问题，需要采用“同一健康”方法来促进人类和动物健康的整合。除了常用于AMR监测的依赖培养的技术外，非培养方法可以提供关于AMR遗传决定因素的多样性和储存库的更多见解。整合子是分子标记，可以提供AMR传播的全面且可靠的估计。在本研究中，考虑到“同一健康”方法，我们分析了生活在同一地区并暴露于不同抗生素选择压力下的人类和牛粪便中的整合子消化携带情况。分析了三组人类（普通人群（GP）和重症监护病房患者（ICU））和牛（BOV）粪便样本。使用多重qPCR从粪便中提取的总DNA以及富集步骤后通过培养获得的革兰氏阴性细菌中检测到了三类主要的整合子。采用非培养方法时，GP、ICU和BOV的整合子携带率分别为43.8%、52.7%和65.6%，这些百分比至少是依赖培养方法获得的百分比的两倍。1类整合子最为普遍；2类整合子似乎与牛的相关性比与人类的相关性更强；未检测到3类整合子。无论采用何种方法，根据抗生素使用情况，GP和ICU人群之间的整合子携带情况没有显著差异。非培养方法是一种补充性的探索方法，用于研究人类和牛的整合子消化携带情况，特别是在接受抗生素治疗的个体中。肠道中整合子的高携带频率具有临床意义，因为整合子能够在抗生素选择压力下轻松获取和交换耐药基因，从而导致耐药细菌的传播。
