El-Saidy Aml E A, El-Hai K M Abd
Department of Seed Technology Research, Field Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Leguminous and Forage Crop Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2016;19(6):239-249. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2016.239.249.
This study focuses on finding compounds that are safe to humans and environment, such as propionic and acetic acids that may provide an alternative control of seed-borne pathogens and decrease seed deterioration during storage. The objectives of this study were to reduce sunflower seed deterioration and improve the viability of sunflower seed using environmentally safe organic acids.
Propionic and acetic acids were applied on sunflower seed at different concentrations under laboratory conditions during different storage periods. After 6 months storage period, the viability of sunflower seed as well as morphological and physiological characteristics of seedlings were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design and randomized complete block design for greenhouse experiment.
Propionic and acetic acids at different concentrations showed inhibitory effects on the presence of different fungal genera in all storage periods. Propionic acid was most effective followed by acetic acid. Increasing storage periods from 0-6 months significantly decreased germination percentage, germination energy, seedling characters, survived healthy seedlings and seed oil and protein percentages but dead and rotted seeds, as well as rotted seedlings were increased. Treating sunflower seeds with propionic acid (100%) improved germination criteria, seedling characters and seed chemical characters as well as survival seedlings and minimized the dead seeds, rotted seeds and rotted seedlings as compared with the control under all storage periods. Under greenhouse conditions, the maximum growth parameter and physiological characters (chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids and total phenols) were recorded from seed treated with 100% propionic acid after 6 months of storage.
It may be concluded that propionic and acetic acids vapors can have considerable fungicidal activity against sunflower pathogens and improve seed viability. Therefore, it is recommended using 100% propionic acid to reduce deterioration and seed-borne pathogens of sunflower under storage conditions.
本研究着重寻找对人类和环境安全的化合物，例如丙酸和乙酸，它们可能为种子传播病原体的控制提供替代方法，并减少储存期间种子的变质。本研究的目的是利用环境安全的有机酸减少向日葵种子的变质并提高其活力。
在实验室条件下，于不同储存期将丙酸和乙酸以不同浓度施用于向日葵种子。储存6个月后，在温室条件下评估向日葵种子的活力以及幼苗的形态和生理特征特征。实验室实验采用析因完全随机设计，温室实验采用随机完全区组设计。
不同浓度的丙酸和乙酸在所有储存期对不同真菌属的存在均表现出抑制作用。丙酸最有效，其次是乙酸。储存期从0至6个月增加，显著降低了发芽率、发芽势、幼苗性状、存活健康幼苗以及种子油和蛋白质百分比，但死种子、腐烂种子以及腐烂幼苗数量增加。与所有储存期的对照相比，用丙酸（100%）处理向日葵种子改善了发芽标准、幼苗性状和种子化学特性以及存活幼苗数量，并使死种子、腐烂种子和腐烂幼苗数量降至最低。在温室条件下，储存6个月后，用100%丙酸处理的种子记录到最大生长参数和生理特征（叶绿素a、b、类胡萝卜素和总酚）。
可以得出结论，丙酸和乙酸蒸汽对向日葵病原体可能具有相当大的杀菌活性，并能提高种子活力。因此，建议使用100%丙酸来减少储存条件下向日葵种子的变质和种子传播病原体。
