Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2017 Oct;30(5):463-471. doi: 10.1002/jts.22220. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
The purpose of the current study was to examine a dual-process model of reactivity to community violence exposure in African American male adolescents from urban communities. The model focused on desensitization and hypersensitization effects as well as desensitization and hypersensitization as predictors of aggressive behavior. Participants were 133 African American male high school students, mean age = 15.17 years, SD = 0.96. Participants completed measures of exposure to community violence, depressive symptoms, hyperarousal symptoms, aggressive beliefs, and aggressive behaviors at two time points. Community violence exposure predicted changes in aggression, β = .25, p = .004, and physiological arousal, β = .22, p = .010, over time, but not aggressive beliefs. The curvilinear association between community violence exposure and changes in depression over time was not significant, β = .42, p = .083, but there was a significant linear association between the exposure to community violence (ECV) and changes in levels of depression over time, β = .21, p = .014. Results indicated a significant mediation effect for hyperarousal on the association between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior, B = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.54]. Results showed support for physiological hypersensitization, with hypersensitization increasing the risk for aggressive behavior.
本研究旨在考察城市社区中非洲裔美国青少年对社区暴力暴露的双加工反应模型。该模型侧重于脱敏和超敏作用，以及脱敏和超敏作用作为攻击性行为的预测指标。参与者为 133 名来自城市社区的非洲裔美国男性高中生，平均年龄为 15.17 岁，标准差为 0.96。参与者在两个时间点完成了社区暴力暴露、抑郁症状、过度唤醒症状、攻击信念和攻击行为的测量。社区暴力暴露预测了攻击行为的变化，β =.25，p =.004，以及生理唤醒的变化，β =.22，p =.010，随着时间的推移，但不包括攻击信念。社区暴力暴露与抑郁随时间变化的曲线关系不显著，β =.42，p =.083，但社区暴力暴露与抑郁随时间变化的线性关系显著，β =.21，p =.014。结果表明，过度唤醒对社区暴力暴露与攻击行为之间的关系存在显著的中介效应，B = 0.20，95%置信区间为[0.04，0.54]。结果表明支持生理超敏反应，超敏反应增加了攻击行为的风险。
