Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 12;7(1):13105. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12994-0.
Human herpesviruses (HHV) establish lifelong latent infection and are transmitted primarily via shedding at mucosal surfaces. Each HHV causes a unique spectrum of disease depending on the infected individual's age and immunity. We collected weekly oral swabs from young children and mothers in 32 Ugandan households for a median of one year. We characterized kinetics of oral shedding during primary and chronic infection for each virus. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and HHV-6 were shed at high rates following primary infection. The rate of oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding was lower overall, and children and mothers with chronic HSV infection had lower shedding rates than children with primary infection. CMV shedding rate and viral load were higher in children with primary infection compared to children with chronic infection, and even lower in mothers with chronic infection. HHV-6 shedding rate and viral load were similar between children with primary or chronic infection, but lower in mothers. EBV shedding rate and quantity decreased less dramatically in mothers versus children, with HIV-positive mothers shedding at a higher rate than HIV-negative mothers. Each HHV has a distinct pattern of oral shedding which depends partially on the age and immune status of the host.
人类疱疹病毒（HHV）建立终身潜伏感染，并主要通过粘膜表面脱落传播。每种 HHV 根据感染个体的年龄和免疫状态引起独特的疾病谱。我们在 32 个乌干达家庭中每周从幼儿和母亲那里采集口腔拭子，中位数为一年。我们描述了每种病毒在原发和慢性感染期间的口腔脱落动力学。巨细胞病毒（CMV）、EB 病毒（EBV）和 HHV-6 在原发感染后以高速度脱落。单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）的口腔脱落率总体上较低，慢性 HSV 感染的儿童和母亲的脱落率低于原发感染的儿童。与慢性感染的儿童相比，原发感染的儿童的 CMV 脱落率和病毒载量更高，而慢性感染的母亲则更低。原发或慢性感染的儿童的 HHV-6 脱落率和病毒载量相似，但母亲的水平较低。与儿童相比，EBV 的脱落率和数量下降幅度较小，HIV 阳性母亲的脱落率高于 HIV 阴性母亲。每种 HHV 的口腔脱落模式不同，部分取决于宿主的年龄和免疫状态。
