Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
Clin Epigenetics. 2017 Oct 3;9:105. doi: 10.1186/s13148-017-0399-2. eCollection 2017.
Type 2 diabetes is a complex trait with both environmental and hereditary factors contributing to the overall pathogenesis. One link between genes, environment, and disease is epigenetics influencing gene transcription and, consequently, organ function. Genome-wide studies have shown altered DNA methylation in tissues important for glucose homeostasis including pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue from subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic controls. Factors predisposing for type 2 diabetes including an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing age, overweight, physical inactivity, a family history of the disease, and an unhealthy diet have all shown to affect the DNA methylation pattern in target tissues for insulin resistance in humans. Epigenetics including DNA methylation may therefore improve our understanding of the type 2 diabetes pathogenesis, contribute to development of novel treatments, and be a useful tool to identify individuals at risk for developing the disease.
2 型糖尿病是一种复杂的特征，环境和遗传因素都对整体发病机制有影响。基因、环境和疾病之间的一个联系是表观遗传学影响基因转录，从而影响器官功能。全基因组研究表明，与非糖尿病对照组相比，2 型糖尿病患者的胰腺、肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪组织等与葡萄糖稳态有关的组织中存在 DNA 甲基化改变。2 型糖尿病的易患因素包括宫内环境不良、年龄增长、超重、缺乏体力活动、家族病史和不健康的饮食，所有这些因素都表明它们会影响人类胰岛素抵抗靶组织中的 DNA 甲基化模式。表观遗传学，包括 DNA 甲基化，因此可以帮助我们更好地理解 2 型糖尿病的发病机制，为开发新的治疗方法做出贡献，并成为识别易患该疾病的个体的有用工具。
