Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Macquarie University Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Macquarie University Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:442-453. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.142. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
The majority of the evaporation models currently available in the literature for the prediction of oil spill weathering do not take into account diffusion-limited mass transport and the formation of a concentration gradient in the oil phase. The altered surface concentration of the spill caused by diffusion-limited transport leads to a slower evaporation rate compared to the predictions of diffusion-agnostic evaporation models. The model presented in this study incorporates a diffusive layer in the oil phase and predicts the diffusion-limited evaporation rate. The information required is the composition of the fluid from gas chromatography or alternatively the distillation data. If the density or a single viscosity measurement is available the accuracy of the predictions is higher. Environmental conditions such as water temperature, air pressure and wind velocity are taken into account. The model was tested with synthetic mixtures, petroleum fuels and crude oils with initial viscosities ranging from 2 to 13,000 cSt. The tested temperatures varied from 0 °C to 23.4 °C and wind velocities from 0.3 to 3.8 m/s. The average absolute deviation (AAD) of the diffusion-limited model ranged between 1.62% and 24.87%. In comparison, the AAD of a diffusion-agnostic model ranged between 2.34% and 136.62% against the same tested fluids.
目前文献中大多数用于预测溢油风化的蒸发模型都没有考虑扩散限制的质量传输和油相浓度梯度的形成。扩散限制传输引起的溢油表面浓度的改变导致蒸发速率比扩散不可知的蒸发模型预测的要慢。本研究提出的模型在油相中包含一个扩散层，并预测扩散限制的蒸发速率。所需的信息是来自气相色谱的流体组成或者替代蒸馏数据。如果可以获得密度或单一粘度测量值，则预测的准确性更高。还考虑了环境条件，如水温和气压以及风速。该模型用合成混合物、石油燃料和原油进行了测试，初始粘度范围为 2 至 13,000 cSt。测试温度范围为 0°C 至 23.4°C，风速范围为 0.3 至 3.8 m/s。扩散限制模型的平均绝对偏差（AAD）范围在 1.62%至 24.87%之间。相比之下，针对相同测试流体，扩散不可知模型的 AAD 范围在 2.34%至 136.62%之间。
