除草剂对淡水螺（泉膀胱螺和静水椎实螺）活动能力和发育的损害。

The impairment of mobility and development in freshwater snails (Physa fontinalis and Lymnaea stagnalis) caused by herbicides.

Kosanke G J, Schwippert W W, Beneke T W

Department of Neuroethology, University of Land Hessen, Kassel, FRG.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 1988;90(2):373-9. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90013-8.

Abstract

The pulmonate freshwater snails Physa and Lymnaea and the earthworms Eisenia and Lumbricus can take up and concentrate a carbamate herbicide (chlorpropham). 2. The mobility of freshwater snails was diminished in the presence of the herbicides chlorpropham (carbamate), cycloate (thiocarbamate), pentanochlor (amide) and chloroxurone (urea derivate). 3. The egg-assemblies of Lymnaea stagnalis turned out to be suitable objects for testing the influences of herbicides upon embryonic development. 4. In the presence of chlorpropham, chloroxurone, cycloate, propanil, simazine and terbutryne, all applied in concentrations lower than in practical use, the period of egg-maturing was delayed and the total number of dead embryos increased. 5. Developing snail eggs were very sensitive towards triazine herbicides (simazine, terbutryne) reflecting in an ED50-value lower than 10(-7) M. 6. Similar herbicidal-induced effects suggested that the developing stages of snail embryos may be suitable models for the ecologically more important but experimentally less accessible earthworms.

摘要

肺螺亚纲淡水螺类的静水椎实螺和椎实螺以及蚯蚓属的赤子爱胜蚓和正蚓能够摄取并富集一种氨基甲酸酯类除草剂（氯苯胺灵）。2. 在除草剂氯苯胺灵（氨基甲酸酯类）、环草敌（硫代氨基甲酸酯类）、五氯酚（酰胺类）和氯溴隆（脲衍生物）存在的情况下，淡水螺的活动能力会减弱。3. 结果表明，静水椎实螺的卵群是测试除草剂对胚胎发育影响的合适对象。4. 在使用浓度低于实际应用浓度的氯苯胺灵、氯溴隆、环草敌、敌稗、西玛津和特丁净时，卵的成熟时间延迟，胚胎死亡总数增加。5. 发育中的螺卵对三嗪类除草剂（西玛津、特丁净）非常敏感，半数有效浓度值低于10⁻⁷M。6. 类似的除草剂诱导效应表明，螺类胚胎的发育阶段可能是生态上更重要但实验上较难研究的蚯蚓的合适模型。