Schroeder S R, Schroeder C S, Smith B, Dalldorf J
J Autism Child Schizophr. 1978 Sep;8(3):261-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01539629.
A combined informant questionnaire and interview survey of self-injurious behavior (SIB) at a large state facility for the retarded was conducted independently three times over a 3-year period. Prevalence consistently was about 10% of the population. SIB cases tended to be younger and institutionalized longer than the rest of the population. Severe cases had a longer history of chronic SIB. SIB cases had more seizure disorders, severe language handicaps, visual impairments, and severe or profound retardation than the rest of the population. They appeared to fulfill most of the Rutter (1966) criteria for autism. But unlike the severely autistic, there was little relation of sex to incidence of SIB. Over 90% of SIB cases changed status over 3 years, suggesting that SIB was amenable to behavior modification in most cases (94%). Psychotropic behavior control medications helped in some intervention programs (32%). SIB remitted spontaneously in 21% of SIB cases where there had been no behavioral or drug intervention.
在一个大型智障人士国家机构中，在3年时间里独立进行了3次关于自伤行为（SIB）的综合信息提供者问卷调查和访谈调查。患病率一直约为该人群的10%。自伤行为案例的患者往往比其他人群更年轻，且在机构中的时间更长。严重案例的慢性自伤行为病史更长。自伤行为案例的癫痫症、严重语言障碍、视力障碍以及严重或极重度智障比其他人群更多。他们似乎符合鲁特（1966年）提出的大多数自闭症标准。但与重度自闭症患者不同的是，自伤行为的发生率与性别几乎没有关系。超过90%的自伤行为案例在3年内状态发生了变化，这表明在大多数情况下（94%）自伤行为适合行为矫正。精神行为控制药物在一些干预项目中起到了帮助作用（32%）。在没有行为或药物干预的自伤行为案例中，21%的案例自伤行为自行缓解。
