University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Dec;71:88-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.011. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
People with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to be overweight or obese. Research has shown that body dissatisfaction is a key factor in influencing unhealthy eating behaviour. More evidence is needed relating to how people with ID perceive their bodies in order to provide effectively targeted weight management programmes.
This study aimed to investigate whether people with ID have concepts for underweight, overweight and healthyweight, and whether they can apply these concepts to themselves. It also aimed to explore body perception bias through comparison of perceived self to independent figure ratings, and body dissatisfaction through perceived-ideal body discrepancy measurement and a series of open-ended questions.
Mixed methodology was used to explore body perception and body dissatisfaction in 40 young adults with ID compared to 48 individuals without ID. The Stunkard Figure Rating Scale assessed how participants would like to look, and their concepts of weight categories.
Young adults with ID tend to hold positive beliefs about their bodies. Females with ID were likely to underestimate their body size. Individuals with ID understood what is meant by 'overweight', 'healthy-weight' and 'underweight' although these concepts were different to those without ID. Individuals with ID were unable to accurately apply these body size categories to themselves.
These findings suggest that individuals with ID will first need support to understand how concepts of body size apply to themselves in order to facilitate weight management.
智障人士（ID）更有可能超重或肥胖。研究表明，身体不满是影响不健康饮食行为的关键因素。需要更多的证据来了解 ID 人士如何看待自己的身体，以便提供有针对性的体重管理计划。
本研究旨在调查 ID 人士是否有关于体重过轻、超重和健康体重的概念，以及他们是否能够将这些概念应用于自身。它还旨在通过比较自我感知与独立人物评分来探索身体感知偏差，并通过感知理想身体差异测量和一系列开放式问题来探索身体不满。
混合方法用于比较 40 名年轻 ID 人士和 48 名无 ID 人士的身体感知和身体不满。斯通克德体型评分量表评估了参与者希望自己看起来的样子，以及他们对体重类别的概念。
年轻的 ID 人士倾向于对自己的身体持有积极的信念。ID 女性可能会低估自己的体型。ID 人士理解“超重”、“健康体重”和“体重不足”的含义，尽管这些概念与非 ID 人士不同。ID 人士无法准确地将这些身体尺寸类别应用于自身。
这些发现表明，ID 人士首先需要支持来理解身体大小的概念如何适用于他们自己，以便促进体重管理。
