Brehmer-Rinderer B, Zigrovic L, Weber G
Doctoral College 'Empowerment through Human Rights', University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2014 Jun;58(6):495-507. doi: 10.1111/jir.12046. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Based on the idea of the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations by Leventhal as well as Lohaus's concepts of health and illness, a health behaviour model was designed to explain health behaviours applied by persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The key proposal of this model is that the way someone understands the concepts of health, illness and disability influences the way they perceive themselves and what behavioural approaches to them they take.
To test this model and explain health differences between the general population and person with ID, 230 people with ID and a comparative sample of 533 persons without ID were included in this Austrian study. Data were collected on general socio-demographics, personal perceptions of illness and disability, perceptions of oneself and health-related behaviours.
Psychometric analysis of the instruments used showed that they were valid and reliable and hence can provide a valuable tool for studying health-related issues in persons with and without ID. With respect to the testing of the suggested health model, two latent variables were defined in accordance to the theory. The general model fit was evaluated by calculating different absolute and descriptive fit indices. Most indices indicated an acceptable model fit for all samples.
This study presents the first attempt to explore the systematic differences in health behaviour between people with and without ID based on a suggested health model. Limitations of the study as well as implications for practice and future research are discussed.
基于莱文索尔的疾病表征常识模型理念以及洛豪斯的健康与疾病概念，设计了一种健康行为模型，以解释智力残疾者所采取的健康行为。该模型的关键主张是，一个人理解健康、疾病和残疾概念的方式会影响他们对自身的认知以及他们所采取的行为方式。
为了检验该模型并解释普通人群与智力残疾者之间的健康差异，这项奥地利研究纳入了230名智力残疾者以及533名非智力残疾者的对照样本。收集了关于一般社会人口统计学、对疾病和残疾的个人认知、自我认知以及与健康相关行为的数据。
对所使用工具的心理测量分析表明，这些工具有效且可靠，因此可为研究有或无智力残疾者的健康相关问题提供有价值的工具。关于所建议健康模型的检验，根据该理论定义了两个潜在变量。通过计算不同的绝对拟合指数和描述性拟合指数来评估总体模型拟合情况。大多数指数表明所有样本的模型拟合均可接受。
本研究首次尝试基于所建议的健康模型探讨有或无智力残疾者在健康行为方面的系统差异。讨论了该研究的局限性以及对实践和未来研究的启示。
