Mandyam Chitra D, Villalpando Emmanuel G, Steiner Noah L, Quach Leon W, Fannon McKenzie J, Somkuwar Sucharita S
VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA.
Brain Sci. 2017 Oct 16;7(10):131. doi: 10.3390/brainsci7100131.
Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder with few therapeutic strategies that address the core pathophysiology. Brain tissue loss and oxidative damage are key components of alcoholism, such that reversal of these phenomena may help break the addictive cycle in alcohol use disorder (AUD). The current review focuses on platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), a key modulator of the cerebral endothelial integrity and neuroinflammation, and a targetable transmembrane protein whose interaction within AUD has not been well explored. The current review will elaborate on the function of PECAM-1 in physiology and pathology and infer its contribution in AUD neuropathology. Recent research reveals that oligodendrocytes, whose primary function is myelination of neurons in the brain, are a key component in new learning and adaptation to environmental challenges. The current review briefly introduces the role of oligodendrocytes in healthy physiology and neuropathology. Importantly, we will highlight the recent evidence of dysregulation of oligodendrocytes in the context of AUD and then discuss their potential interaction with PECAM-1 on the cerebral endothelium.
酒精中毒是一种慢性复发性疾病，针对其核心病理生理学的治疗策略很少。脑组织损失和氧化损伤是酒精中毒的关键组成部分，因此逆转这些现象可能有助于打破酒精使用障碍（AUD）中的成瘾循环。本综述重点关注血小板内皮细胞黏附分子1（PECAM-1），它是脑内皮完整性和神经炎症的关键调节因子，也是一种可靶向的跨膜蛋白，其在酒精使用障碍中的相互作用尚未得到充分研究。本综述将阐述PECAM-1在生理和病理中的功能，并推断其在酒精使用障碍神经病理学中的作用。最近的研究表明，少突胶质细胞的主要功能是使大脑中的神经元髓鞘化，是新学习和适应环境挑战的关键组成部分。本综述简要介绍了少突胶质细胞在健康生理和神经病理学中的作用。重要的是，我们将强调酒精使用障碍背景下少突胶质细胞失调的最新证据，然后讨论它们与脑内皮上的PECAM-1的潜在相互作用。
