Suso-Ribera Carlos, Mora-Marín Rafael, Hernández-Gaspar Carmen, Pardo-Guerra Lidón, Pardo-Guerra María, Belda-Martínez Adela, Palmer-Viciedo Ramón
Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, España.
Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, España; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, España.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2018 Jan-Mar;11(1):4-11. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Oct 14.
Studies have pointed to rurality as an important factor influencing suicide. Research so far suggests that several sociodemograpic and psychiatric factors might influence urban-rural differences in suicide. Also, their contribution appears to depend on sex and age. Unfortunately, studies including a comprehensive set of explanatory variables altogether are still scare and most studies have failed to present their analyses split by sex and age groups. Also, urban-rural differences in suicide in Spain have been rarely investigated. The present study aimed at explaining rural-urban differences in suicidality in the province of Castellon (Spain). A comprehensive set of sociodemographic and psychiatric factors was investigated and analyses were split by sex and age.
The sample comprised all suicides recorded in the province of Castellon from January 2009 to December 2015 (n=343). Sociodemographic data included sex, age, and suicide method. Psychiatric data included the history of mental health service utilization, psychiatric diagnosis, suicide attempts, and psychiatric hospitalization.
Consistent with past research, suicide rates were highest in rural areas, especially in men and older people. We also found that urban-rural differences in sociodemographic and psychiatric variables were sensitive to sex and age. Our results indicated that specialized mental health service use and accessibility to suicide means might help understand urban-rural differences in suicide, especially in men. When exploring urban-rural differences as a function of age, general practitioner visits for psychiatric reasons were more frequent in the older age group in rural areas.
Study implications for suicide prevention strategies in Spain are discussed.
研究指出农村地区是影响自杀的一个重要因素。迄今为止的研究表明，一些社会人口学和精神病学因素可能会影响自杀的城乡差异。此外，它们的作用似乎取决于性别和年龄。遗憾的是，将一系列全面的解释变量纳入其中的研究仍然很少，而且大多数研究未能按性别和年龄组分别呈现其分析结果。此外，西班牙自杀情况的城乡差异很少得到研究。本研究旨在解释西班牙卡斯特利翁省自杀倾向的城乡差异。我们调查了一系列全面的社会人口学和精神病学因素，并按性别和年龄进行了分析。
样本包括2009年1月至2015年12月在卡斯特利翁省记录的所有自杀案例（n = 343）。社会人口学数据包括性别、年龄和自杀方式。精神病学数据包括心理健康服务利用史、精神病诊断、自杀未遂和精神病住院治疗情况。
与过去的研究一致，农村地区的自杀率最高，尤其是男性和老年人。我们还发现，社会人口学和精神病学变量的城乡差异对性别和年龄敏感。我们的结果表明，专门心理健康服务的使用以及获得自杀手段的难易程度可能有助于理解自杀的城乡差异，尤其是在男性中。在探讨城乡差异与年龄的关系时，农村地区老年组因精神问题看全科医生的频率更高。
讨论了本研究对西班牙自杀预防策略的启示。
