Busse W
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988 Nov;82(5 Pt 2):890-900. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90031-0.
Physicians who treat patients with allergic rhinitis have a number of therapeutic options, including antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy. Antihistamines are widely used for the treatment of mild allergic rhinitis and are often effective, although more severe cases will require other medications. The newer antihistamines may induce less drowsiness, which is the most prominent side effect of the older antihistamines. Topical nasal decongestants give fast relief from nasal congestion, but their overuse may result in rebound congestion. Because their efficacy in allergic rhinitis is variable, oral decongestants are usually used in combination with antihistamines. Nasal cromolyn is effective for many patients with allergic rhinitis, but its effect is variable and it is useful in severe allergic rhinitis.
治疗过敏性鼻炎患者的医生有多种治疗选择，包括抗组胺药、减充血剂、色甘酸钠、抗胆碱能药物、皮质类固醇和免疫疗法。抗组胺药广泛用于治疗轻度过敏性鼻炎，通常有效，不过更严重的病例需要其他药物。新型抗组胺药可能引起的嗜睡较少，而嗜睡是旧型抗组胺药最突出的副作用。局部用鼻减充血剂能快速缓解鼻塞，但过度使用可能导致反跳性充血。由于其在过敏性鼻炎中的疗效不一，口服减充血剂通常与抗组胺药联合使用。鼻用色甘酸钠对许多过敏性鼻炎患者有效，但其效果因人而异，对严重过敏性鼻炎有用。
