Dastranj M, Borzoui E, Bandani A R, Franco O L
Department of Plant Protection,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran,Karaj,Iran.
Department of Plant Protection,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,Ardabil,Iran.
Bull Entomol Res. 2018 Jun;108(3):370-379. doi: 10.1017/S0007485317000864. Epub 2017 Oct 17.
The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and small white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are the two main serious pests of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae) that have developed resistance to chemical control methods. In order to avoid such resistance and also the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on the environment, alternative methods have usually been suggested, including the use of plant enzyme inhibitors. Here, the inhibitory effects of proteinaceous inhibitors extracted from wheat, canola, sesame, bean and triticale were evaluated against the digestive α-amylases, larval growth, development and nutritional indecs of the diamondback moth and small white cabbage butterfly. Our results indicated that triticale and wheat extracts inhibited α-amylolytic activity in an alkaline pH, which is in accordance with the moth and butterfly gut α-amylase optimum pH. Dose-dependent inhibition of two crucifer pests by triticale and wheat was observed using spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Implementation of specificity studies showed that wheat and triticale-proteinaceous extract were inactive against Chinese and purple cabbage amylase. Triticale and wheat were resistant against insects' gut proteases. Results of the feeding bioassay indicated that triticale-proteinaceous extract could cause a significant reduction in survival and larval body mass. The results of the nutritional indecs also showed larvae of both species that fed on a Triticale proteinaceous inhibitor-treated diet had the lowest values for the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and relative growth rate. Our observations suggested that triticale shows promise for use in the management of crucifer pests.
小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）和粉纹夜蛾（Pieris rapae）是十字花科作物（十字花科）的两种主要严重害虫，它们已对化学防治方法产生抗性。为了避免这种抗性以及化学农药对环境的不利影响，通常会提出替代方法，包括使用植物酶抑制剂。在此，评估了从小麦、油菜、芝麻、豆类和小黑麦中提取的蛋白质抑制剂对小菜蛾和粉纹夜蛾的消化α-淀粉酶、幼虫生长、发育和营养指标的抑制作用。我们的结果表明，小黑麦和小麦提取物在碱性pH下抑制α-淀粉酶活性，这与小菜蛾和粉纹夜蛾肠道α-淀粉酶的最佳pH一致。使用分光光度法和凝胶电泳观察到小黑麦和小麦对两种十字花科害虫的剂量依赖性抑制作用。特异性研究表明，小麦和小黑麦蛋白质提取物对中国白菜和紫甘蓝淀粉酶无活性。小黑麦和小麦对昆虫肠道蛋白酶具有抗性。喂食生物测定结果表明，小黑麦蛋白质提取物可导致存活率和幼虫体重显著降低。营养指标结果还表明，以小黑麦蛋白质抑制剂处理的饲料为食的两个物种的幼虫，其摄入食物转化率和相对生长率的值最低。我们的观察结果表明，小黑麦在十字花科害虫管理方面具有应用前景。
