Reductive nanocomplex encapsulation of cRGD-siRNA conjugates for enhanced targeting to cancer cells.

In this study, through covalent conjugation and lipid material entrapment, a combined modification strategy was established for effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Single strands of siRNA targeting to gene (siMB3) conjugated with cRGD peptide at 3'-terminus or 5'-terminus via cleavable disulfide bond was synthesized and then annealed with corresponding strands to obtain single and bis-cRGD-siRNA conjugates. A cationic lipid material (CLD) developed by our laboratory was mixed with the conjugates to generate nanocomplexes; their uniformity and electrical property were revealed by particle size and zeta potential measurement. Compared with CLD/siBraf, CLD/cRGD-siBraf achieved higher cell uptake and more excellent tumor-targeting ability, especially (sense-5'/antisense-3″-cRGD-congjugate) nanocomplex. Moreover, they can regulate multiple pathways to varying degree and reduce acidification of endosome. Compared with the gene silencing of different conjugates, single or bis-cRGD-conjugated siRNA showed little differences except (5/5) which cRGD was conjugated at 5'-terminus of antisense strand and sense strand. However bis-cRGD conjugate nanocomplex exhibited better specific target gene silencing at multiple time points. Furthermore, the serum stabilities of the bis-cRGD conjugates were higher than those of the single-cRGD conjugates. In conclusion, all these data suggested that CLD/bis-conjugates, especially CLD/, can be an effective system for delivery of siRNA to target gene for therapy of melanoma.