Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:1293-306. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S41555. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
The application of RNA interference techniques is promising in gene therapeutic approaches, especially for cancers. To improve safety and efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, a triblock dendritic nanocarrier, polyamidoamine-polyethylene glycol-cyclic RGD (PAMAM-PEG-cRGD), was developed and studied as an siRNA vector targeting the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Structure characterization, particle size, zeta potential, and gel retardation assay confirmed that complete triblock components were successfully synthesized with effective binding capacity of siRNA in this triblock nanocarrier. Cytotoxicity data indicated that conjugation of PEG significantly alleviated cytotoxicity when compared with unmodified PAMAM. PAMAM-PEG-cRGD exerted potent siRNA cellular internalization in which transfection efficiency measured by flow cytometry was up to 68% when the charge ratio (N/P ratio) was 3.5. Ligand-receptor affinity together with electrostatic interaction should be involved in the nano-siRNA endocytosis mechanism and we then proved that attachment of cRGD enhanced cellular uptake via RGD-integrin recognition. Gene silencing was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and PAMAM-PEG-cRGD-siRNA complex downregulated the expression of hERG to 26.3% of the control value. Furthermore, gene knockdown of hERG elicited growth suppression as well as activated apoptosis by means of abolishing vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and triggering caspase-3 cascade in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Our study demonstrates that this novel triblock polymer, PAMAM-PEG-cRGD, exhibits negligible cytotoxicity, effective transfection, "smart" cancer targeting, and therefore is a promising siRNA nanocarrier.
RNA 干扰技术在基因治疗方法中具有广阔的应用前景,特别是在癌症治疗方面。为了提高小干扰 RNA(siRNA)递呈的安全性和效率,研制了一种三嵌段树枝状纳米载体聚酰胺-聚乙二醇-环 RGD(PAMAM-PEG-cRGD),作为靶向人甲状腺未分化癌细胞 hERG 基因的 siRNA 载体进行了研究。结构表征、粒径、Zeta 电位和凝胶阻滞实验证实,成功合成了完整的三嵌段化合物,该三嵌段纳米载体对 siRNA 具有有效的结合能力。细胞毒性数据表明,与未经修饰的 PAMAM 相比,PEG 的连接显著减轻了细胞毒性。PAMAM-PEG-cRGD 可有效实现 siRNA 的细胞内化,当电荷比(N/P 比)为 3.5 时,通过流式细胞术测量的转染效率高达 68%。配体-受体亲和力和静电相互作用可能参与了纳米-siRNA 的内吞作用机制,随后我们通过证明 cRGD 的附着通过 RGD-整合素识别增强了细胞摄取,从而证明了这一点。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应评估基因沉默,PAMAM-PEG-cRGD-siRNA 复合物将 hERG 的表达下调至对照值的 26.3%。此外,通过抑制血管内皮生长因子的分泌和触发 caspase-3 级联反应,hERG 基因敲低在甲状腺未分化癌细胞中引起生长抑制和凋亡激活。我们的研究表明,这种新型三嵌段聚合物 PAMAM-PEG-cRGD 具有低细胞毒性、有效转染、“智能”癌症靶向等特性,因此是一种很有前途的 siRNA 纳米载体。
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