Alvalá Regina C S, Cunha Ana Paula M A, Brito Sheila S B, Seluchi Marcelo E, Marengo José A, Moraes Osvaldo L L, Carvalho Magog A
Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais/CEMADEN, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondesan, 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2019;91(suppl 1):e20170209. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170209. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
Drought is a natural and recurrent phenomenon. It is considered 'a natural disaster' whenever it occurs in an intensive manner in highly populated regions, resulting in significant damage (material and human) and loss (socioeconomic). This paper presents the efforts developed to monitor the impact of drought in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. In this scope, information from different sources is compiled to support the evaluation and identification of impacted municipalities, with the main objective of supporting emergency actions to mitigate their impact. In the semiarid region of Brazil there are frequent occurrences of dry periods during the rainy season, which, depending on the intensity and duration, can cause significant damage to family-farmed crops, with a farming system characterized by low productivity indices. However, rain-fed agriculture has great economic expression and high social importance due to the region is densely occupied, and contributes to the establishment of communities in the countryside. Specifically, in the present study, the methodology adopted to monitor the impact of agricultural droughts, including an analysis of the hydrological year 2015-2016, is presented, considering different water stress indicators for the identification of the affected municipalities and assessment of the methods and tools developed.
干旱是一种自然且反复出现的现象。每当它在人口密集地区以强烈的方式发生，导致重大破坏（物质和人员方面）以及损失（社会经济方面）时，就被视为“自然灾害”。本文介绍了为监测巴西东北部半干旱地区干旱影响所开展的工作。在此范围内，收集来自不同来源的信息以支持对受影响市镇的评估和识别，主要目的是支持采取应急行动减轻其影响。在巴西半干旱地区，雨季期间经常出现干旱期，这根据强度和持续时间的不同，会对家庭种植的作物造成重大损害，该农业系统的生产力指数较低。然而，由于该地区人口密集，雨养农业具有重要的经济意义和很高的社会重要性，并且有助于农村社区的建立。具体而言，在本研究中，介绍了用于监测农业干旱影响的方法，包括对2015 - 2016水文年的分析，考虑了不同的水分胁迫指标来识别受影响的市镇以及评估所开发的方法和工具。
