Replication of pressure-volume loop with controllable ESPVR and EDPVR curves on a personalized mock circulatory loop based on elastance function.

In the development of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), it is important to evaluate the LVAD's hemodynamic effect on the compromised left ventricle (LV) before surgical implantation. The mock circulatory loop (MCL) is widely accepted as an in vitro test platform to evaluate LVADs across a wide range of operational conditions as a way to examine how the device and the cardiovascular system interact. Unfortunately, most MCLs represent an oversimplified model of cardiac function, with disease states simulated through generalized changes in heart rate and stroke volume. Because heart failure (HF) severity varies substantially among patients, an MCL is needed that can mimic the pressure-volume loop of an individual patient. In this work, two numerical elastance models, derived from a specific pressure volume loop template, were used to control the LV simulator of the MCL to simulate different degrees of HF. The numerical elastance model was then scaled to change the slopes of the end-systolic (ESPVR) and end-diastolic (EDPVR) pressure volume relationship curves to simulate systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The resulting experimental pressure volume loops are consistent with theoretical loops, demonstrating the feasibility of creating an MCL that can be customized for the patient.