Sivlingham R, Brink N G
School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1988;8(4):205-13. doi: 10.1002/tcm.1770080404.
The pyrrolizidine alkaloid heliotrine has been shown to be a powerful mutagen in Drosophila. This report has evaluated the teratogenicity of heliotrine in this organism. The alkaloid was fed to larvae and its teratogenic effects measured in various developmental stages of the insect. The pupal stage is predominantly affected. The main consequences of treatment were failed eclosions at higher alkaloid concentrations (10(-4) M), while lower concentrations (10(-5) M) permitted the eclosion of adults, but these showed abdominal abnormalities ranging from severe distortions to reduced numbers of tergite bristles. mei-9 strains of Drosophila were more sensitive to the production of somatic chromosomal changes as well as the teratogenic effects of the alkaloid. These strains also showed reduced numbers of cells in histoblast nests of 6-hour-old prepupae. It is suggested that reduced numbers of histoblast cells in prepupae may be a consequence of genetic damage and this in turn leads to the abdominal distortions and reduced bristle numbers observed.
吡咯里西啶生物碱天芥菜碱已被证明是果蝇中的一种强大诱变剂。本报告评估了天芥菜碱在该生物体中的致畸性。将该生物碱喂给幼虫，并在昆虫的各个发育阶段测量其致畸作用。蛹期受到的影响最为显著。处理的主要后果是在较高生物碱浓度（10⁻⁴ M）下羽化失败，而较低浓度（10⁻⁵ M）则允许成虫羽化，但这些成虫表现出腹部异常，从严重变形到背板刚毛数量减少不等。果蝇的mei - 9品系对体细胞染色体变化的产生以及该生物碱的致畸作用更为敏感。这些品系在6小时龄预蛹的组织母细胞巢中的细胞数量也减少。有人认为，预蛹中组织母细胞数量减少可能是遗传损伤的结果，而这反过来又导致了观察到的腹部变形和刚毛数量减少。
